Therapeutic agents comprising fusions of growth hormone and elastic peptides

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides therapeutic agents and compositions comprising elastic peptides and therapeutic proteins. Such peptides exhibit a flexible, extended conformation. In some embodiments, the therapeutic protein is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (e.g., GLP-1, exendin), insulin, or Factor VII/VIIa, including functional analogs. The present invention further provides encoding polynucleotides, as well as methods of making and using the therapeutic agents. The therapeutic agents have improvements in relation to their use as therapeutics, including, inter alia, one or more of half-life, clearance and/or persistance in the body, solubility, and bioavailability.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/852,365, filed Aug. 6, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of , U.S. application Ser. No. 12/493,912, filed Jun. 29, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,178,495, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/076,221, filed Jun. 27, 2008, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. application Ser. No. 12/852,365 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/158,190, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,334,257, which is a U.S. national stage of PCT/US06/048572, filed Dec. 20, 2006, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/751,896, filed Dec. 20, 2005, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

This invention was made with Government support under grant number EB00188 and GM-061232 from National Institutes of Health. The US Government has certain rights to this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TEXT FILE SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY

The contents of the text file submitted electronically herewith are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: A computer readable format copy of the Sequence Listing (filename: PHAS_021_04US_SeqList_ST25.txt, date recorded: Apr. 14, 2014, file size 50 kb).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Therapeutic proteins or peptides in their native state or when recombinantly produced can be labile molecules exhibiting, inter alia, short periods of serum stability, serum half-life (i.e., circulatory half-life), or limited persistence in the body. Such molecules can also be extremely labile when formulated, such as when formulated in aqueous solutions.

In some instances, polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated to a proteinaceous molecule results in a longer-acting, sustained activity of the molecule. PEG attachment, however, can often substantially reduce or even destroy the protein's therapeutic activity. Therapeutic proteins and/or peptides have also been stabilized by fusion to certain proteins that are capable of extending serum half-life. For example, in some instances, therapeutic proteins fused to albumin, transferrin, and antibody fragments exhibit extended serum half-life when compared to the therapeutic protein in the unfused state. See U.S. Pat. No. 7,238,667 (particularly with respect to albumin conjugates), U.S. Pat. No. 7,176,278 (particularly with respect to transferrin conjugates), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,883, which are each hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

There remains a need in the art for more stable, longer acting, and/or effective proteinaceous molecules.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide component and a therapeutic proteinacious component. The elastic peptide component may form a spiral conformation, and/or may have an extended structure relative to an alpha helix. The elastic peptide component may be structurally related to, or derived from, sequences of the elastin protein (elastin-like-peptide or ELP). Such elastic peptide components provide certain therapeutic advantages to the therapeutic agent, such as comparatively better stability, solubility, bioavailability, half-life, persistence, and/or biological action of the therapeutic proteinaceous component. Such properties may be determined, for example, with respect to the therapeutic component's unfused or unconjugated counterpart. In some embodiments, the elastic peptide is an ELP that undergoes a reversible inverse phase transition, which may impart additional practical and/or therapeutic advantages. The invention further provides polynucleotides encoding the therapeutic agents of the invention, as well as methods of treatment or prophylaxis for certain biological conditions.

In a first aspect, the invention provides a therapeutic agent comprising an elastic peptide component and a therapeutic proteinacious component, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the same for delivery to a subject or patient in need. The therapeutic component may be selected from active portions of the therapeutic proteins described herein, including those listed in Table 1, or functional analogs thereof. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic component is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, such as GLP-1, exendin-4, or a functional analog thereof. Such therapeutic components are generally effective for, among other things, increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner. In other embodiments, the therapeutic component is an insulin or functional analog thereof, which is generally effective for promoting glucose uptake from the blood and storage within cells. In still other embodiments, the therapeutic component is a Factor VII/VIIa or functional analog thereof, which is generally effective for promoting coagulation by activation of Factor X or Factor IX.

The elastic peptide and therapeutic components may be covalently coupled by various means, including chemical coupling (e.g., conjugation) and recombinant fusion technology. In addition, the number of elastic peptide or therapeutic components per molecule, and their respective positions within the molecule, may vary as needed. The therapeutic agent may further include one or more spacer or linker moieties, which in addition to providing the desired functional independence of the elastic peptide and therapeutic components, may optionally provide for additional functionalities, such as a protease-sensitive feature to allow for proteolytic release or activation of the therapeutic component. The therapeutic agent may further include one or more targeting components such as, for example, a peptide or protein to target the therapeutic agent to a particular cell type, e.g., a cancer cell, or to a particular organ.

In a second aspect, the invention provides polynucleotides, such polynucleotides comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a therapeutic agent of the invention. For example, the nucleotide sequence encodes an elastic peptide fusion with a functional portion of at least one therapeutic protein described herein, including those listed in Table 1 (or functional analog thereof). In certain embodiments, the therapeutic component is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (including GLP-1 and exendin-4), insulin, Factor VII/VIIa, or functional analog thereof. Such polynucleotides may further comprise additional control element(s) operably linked to the nucleotide sequence, such as promoter elements and/or other transcription or expression-related signals. The polynucleotide may be inserted into various vectors, which may be useful for production of the therapeutic agent in host cells, including, for example, bacterial and eukaryotic host cells.

In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for treating or preventing a disease, disorder, or condition in a subject, such as in a mammalian patient, including a human patient. The method comprises administering an effective amount of the therapeutic agent of the invention (or pharmaceutical composition containing the same) to a subject or patient in need thereof. For example, the patient may be in need of an agent having a biological activity or preferred indication listed herein (e.g., in Table 1). In certain embodiments employing a GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide compound or employing an insulin/elastic peptide compound, the invention provides a method for treating one or more disorders including type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. In certain other embodiments employing Factor VII/VIIa/elastic peptide compound, the invention provides a method for treating one or more disorders including hemophilia, post-surgical bleeding, anticoagulation-induced bleeding, thrombocytopenia, factor VII deficiency, factor XI deficiency, and intracranial hemorrhage.

Various other aspects, features and embodiments of the invention will be more fully apparent from the following disclosure and appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts plasmid pET24d-ELP1-90, encoding an elastin-like-peptide (ELP) component with a 10 unit VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3) repeat motif, where guest position X is V, G, and A in the ratio of 5:3:2. This motif is repeated eight times with a final C-terminal 10-unit repeat where X is V, G, A, and W in the ratio 4:3:2:1. This ELP component is represented generally as [(VPGXG)₁₀]₉.

FIG. 2A depicts plasmid pET24d-Ex-4 ELP1-90 encoding an ELP component with VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3) repeat motif (as in FIG. 1) cloned in frame with an N-terminal exendin-4 component. FIG. 2B depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the exendin-4/ELP fusion (SEQ ID NOS: 23 and 24). Primer sequences are indicated (SEQ ID NOS:35-40).

FIG. 3A depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of an exendin-4 construct having an N-terminal Tev (Tobacco Etch Virus cysteine protease) cleavage site (SEQ ID NOS: 25 and 26). Primer sequences are indicated (SEQ ID NOS:38, 41, 42). FIG. 3B also depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of an exendin-4 construct having an N-terminal Tev cleavage site, but with an additional sequence N-terminal to the Tev cleavage site to provide a better target for the protease (SEC) ID NOS: 27 and 28). Primer sequences are indicated (SEQ ID NOS:38, 43,44).

FIG. 4A depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of an exendin-4/ELP fusion as in FIGS. 1-3, but with a DsbA leader sequence to direct secretion into the periplasmic space (SEQ ID NOS: 29 and 30). Primer sequences are indicated (SEQ ID NOS:38, 45, 46). FIG. 4B depicts plasmid pET24d-DsbA-Ex-4 ELP1-90 encoding the fusion of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A depicts pPB0868, which encodes GLP-1(A8G,7-37)ELP1-90. FIG. 5B depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the encoded fusion protein (SEQ ID NOS: 53 and 54, respectively).

FIG. 6A depicts pPB1022, which encodes GLP-1(A8G,7-37)ELP1-120. FIG. 6B depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the encoded fusion protein (SEQ ID NOS: 55 and 56, respectively).

FIG. 7A depicts pPB0788, which encodes Factor VII-ELP1-90. FIG. 7B depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the encoded fusion protein (SEQ ID NOS: 57 and 58, respectively).

FIG. 8A depicts the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of an insulin (B, C, and A chains) having the ELP component cloned in frame (SEQ ID NOS: 31 and 32). Primer sequences are indicated (SEQ ID NOS: 47 and 48). FIG. 8B depicts plasmid pET24d Insulin-ELP1-90 expressing the insulin/ELP fusion of FIG. 8A.

FIG. 9 is a Western blot for FVII-ELP1-90 from transient transfection of Freestyle HEK293, detected with mouse anti-human FVII monoclonal antibody. Lanes are: (1) culture media; (2) FVII ELP1-90 after purification by phase transition; and FVII control.

FIG. 10 is an SDS-PAGE showing recombinant production of an Exendin-4/ELP4-60 fusion. Lanes are: (M) Protein markers; (1) Exendin-4 ELP4-60 from total lysate; (2) Exendin-4 ELP4-60 from insoluble lysate; (3) Exendin-4 ELP4-60 from soluble lysate; (4) Exendin-4 ELP4-60 from 1st transition (equal volume); (5) Exendin-4 ELP4-60 from 2nd transition (concentrated); (6) Exendin-4 ELP4-60 from 3rd transition (concentrated).

FIG. 11 shows the activation of Factor X by FactorVIIa-ELP1-90, and by Factor VIIa as a comparison. As shown, FactorVIIa-ELP retains full activity.

FIG. 12 shows that Factor VIIa-ELP1-90 has a long PK when administered by i.v. in rats. FactorVIIa has a T_(1/2) of about 690 min. as compared to about 45-60 min, for Factor VIIa.

FIG. 13 shows the high in vitro activity of GLP1-ELP and Exendin-4-ELP, when compared to the activity of Exendin peptide.

FIG. 14 shows that GLP1-ELP has a T_(1/2) of about 12.9 hours when administered by i.v. to rats, and a T_(1/2) of about 8.6 hours when administered subcutaneously (SQ).

FIG. 15 shows that GLP-1 ELP has a long half-life in rabbits of about 20 hours when administered i.v., and about 24 hours when administered sub-cutaneously.

FIG. 16 shows sustained glycemic control in diabetic mice with GLP-1-ELP.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide component and a therapeutic component. The therapeutic component may be selected from Table 1 (e.g., selected from a Therapeutic Protein, or functional portion or functional analog thereof, listed in Table 1), or described herein. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic component is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, such as GLP-1 or exendin-4, or may be insulin, Factor VII/VIIa, or functional analog thereof. The elastic peptide component exhibits a flexibility and freedom of movement that results from its secondary structure characteristics, and overall or substantial lack of a rigid tertiary structure. The elastic peptide components may contain structural units related to, or derived from, sequences of the elastin protein. The elastic peptide provides certain therapeutic advantages, such as comparatively better persistence, stability, solubility, bioavailability, half-life, and/or biological action of the therapeutic component. Such properties may be determined with respect to, for example, an unfused or unconjugated counterpart of the therapeutic component. The invention further provides polynucleotides encoding the therapeutic agents of the invention, as well as methods of treatment or prophylaxis for certain biological conditions, including the preferred indications listed in Table 1, and including diabetes (e.g., Type I and Type II), hyperglycemia, bleeding, hemophilia, and hemorrhage, among others.

For ease of reference in the ensuing discussion, set out below are definitions of some terms appearing in the discussion.

As used herein, the term “therapeutic agent” or “therapeutic component” refers to an agent or component capable of inducing a biological effect in vivo and/or in vitro. The biological effect may be useful for treating and/or preventing a condition, disorder, or disease in a subject or patient.

As used herein, the term “coupled” means that the specified components are either directly covalently bonded to one another (e.g., via chemical conjugation or recombinant fusion technology), or indirectly covalently joined to one another (e.g., via chemical conjugation or recombinant fusion technology) through an intervening moiety or moieties, such as a bridge, spacer, or linker.

As used herein, “half-life” (which generally refers to in vivo half-life or circulatory half-life) is the period of time that is required for a 50% diminution of bioactivity of the active agent to occur. Such term is to be contrasted with “persistence,” which is the overall temporal duration of the active agent in the body, and “rate of clearance” as being a dynamically changing variable that may or may not be correlative with the numerical values of half-life and persistence.

The term “functional analog” refers to a protein that is an active analog (e.g., either chemical or protein analog), derivative, fragment, truncation isoform or the like of a native protein. For example, the functional analog may be a functional analog of a therapeutic protein listed in Table 1, or may be a functional analog of a GLP-1 receptor agonist (e.g., GLP-1, exendin), insulin, or Factor VII/VIIa. A polypeptide is active when it retains some or all of the biological activity of the corresponding native polypeptide, as determined in vivo or in one or more indicative in vitro assays. Exemplary activity assays for certain therapeutic proteins, which are determinative of activity, are listed Table 1. Further, such biological activities and assays for GLP-1 receptor agonists, insulin, and Factor VII/VIIa, which are determinative of whether a given molecule is a “functional analog,” are described in detail elsewhere herein.

As used herein, the term “native,” as used in reference to an amino acid sequence, indicates that the amino acid sequence is found in a naturally-occurring protein.

As used herein, the term “spacer” refers to any moiety, peptide or other chemical entity, that may be interposed between the elastic peptide component and the therapeutic component. For example, the spacer may be a divalent group that is covalently bonded at one terminus to the elastic peptide component, and covalently bonded at the other terminus to the therapeutic component. The therapeutic agents may therefore be open to the inclusion of additional chemical structure that does not preclude the efficacy of the agent for its intended purpose. The spacer may, for example, be a protease-sensitive spacer moiety that is provided to control the pharmacokinetics of the agent, or the spacer may be a protease-resistant moiety.

The therapeutic component and the elastic peptide component may be coupled with one another in any suitable covalent manner, including chemical coupling and recombinant technology, such that the therapeutic agent is efficacious for its intended purpose, and such that the presence of the elastic peptide component enhances the therapeutic component in some functional, therapeutic or physiological aspect. For example, the elastic peptide-coupled therapeutic component may be enhanced in, e.g., its bioavailability, bio-unavailability, therapeutically effective dose, biological action, formulation compatibility, resistance to proteolysis or other degradative modality, solubility, half-life or other measure of persistence in the body subsequent to administration, rate of clearance from the body subsequent to administration, etc. Such enhancement may be determined, for example, in relation to a corresponding unconjugated or unfused counterpart therapeutic (e.g., determined relative to native GLP-1, exendin, insulin, or Factor VII/VIIa, or a therapeutic protein described herein).

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent of the invention circulates or exists in the body in a soluble form, and escapes filtration by the kidney thereby persisting in the body in an active form. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agents of the invention have a molecular weight of less than the generally recognized cut-off for filtration through the kidney, such as less than about 60 kD, or in some embodiments less than about 55, 50, 45, 40, 30, or 20 kDa, and persist in the body by at least 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, or 100-fold or longer than an uncoupled (e.g., unfused or unconjugated) therapeutic counterpart.

The number of elastic peptide and/or therapeutic components per molecule, and their respective positions within the molecule, may vary among embodiments of the invention. For example, in embodiments where the agent is a recombinant fusion, at least one elastic peptide component may be placed at one or both of the N-terminus and the C-terminus. Where the elastic peptide component is at both the N-terminus and C-terminus of the fusion, the elastic peptide components will flank the therapeutic component. Alternatively, the therapeutic component may be positioned at either or both of the N-terminus and C-terminus. Where the therapeutic component is at both the N-terminus and C-terminus, the therapeutic component will flank the elastic peptide component. In a further embodiment, different therapeutic components are positioned at the N-terminus and C-terminus of the molecule. As discussed in detail herein, in certain embodiments, such therapeutic component(s) may be released by proteolysis of a spacer moiety separating the elastic peptide and therapeutic components. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic component may be inactive in the fused state, and becoming active upon proteolytic release from the elastic peptide component(s). Alternatively, the therapeutic component remains active in the fused state, making proteolytic processing of the therapeutic agent unnecessary for biological activity.

When prepared as recombinant fusions, the therapeutic agent can be prepared by known recombinant expression techniques. For example, to recombinantly produce the therapeutic agent, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the chimeric gene is operatively linked to a suitable promoter sequence such that the nucleic acid sequence encoding such fusion protein will be transcribed and/or translated into the desired fusion protein in the host cells. Preferred promoters are those useful for expression in E. coli, such as the T7 promoter. Any commonly used expression system may be used, including eukaryotic or prokaryotic systems. Specific examples include yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces spp., Pichia spp.), baculovirus, mammalian, and bacterial systems, such as E. coli, and Caulobacter.

The various aspects and embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail in the following sections.

Elastic Peptide Component

The therapeutic agent of the invention may comprise one or more elastic peptide components. The elastic peptide components may comprise or consist of structural peptide units or sequences that are related to, or derived from, the elastin protein (e.g., elastin-like-peptides, or ELPs). Elastic peptides are useful for improving the properties of therapeutic proteins, such as those described herein (e.g., listed in Table 1), including GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., GLP-1 or exendin-4), insulin, and Factor VII/VIIa in one or more of bioavailability, therapeutically effective dose, biological action, formulation compatibility, resistance to proteolysis, solubility, half-life or other measure of persistence in the body subsequent to administration, and/or rate of clearance from the body.

The elastic peptide component may be constructed from structural units of from three to about twenty amino acids, or in some embodiments, from four to ten amino acids, such as five or six amino acids. The length of the individual structural units, may vary or may be uniform. In certain embodiments, the elastic peptide component is constructed of a polytetra-, polypenta-, polyhexa-, polyhepta-, polyocta, and polynonapeptide motif of repeating structural units. Exemplary structural units include units defined by SEQ ID NOS: 1-12 (below), which may be employed as repeating structural units, including tandem-repeating units, or may be employed in some combination, to create a peptide component effective for improving the properties of the therapeutic component. Thus, the elastic peptide component may comprise or consist essentially of structural unit(s) selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1-12, as defined below.

The elastic peptide component, comprising such structural units, may be of varying sizes. For example, the elastic peptide component may comprise or consist essentially of from about 10 to about 500 structural units, or in certain embodiments about 15 to about 150 structural units, or in certain embodiments from about 20 to about 100 structural units, or from about 50 to about 90 structural units, including one or a combination of units defined by SEQ ID NOS: 1-12. Thus, the elastic peptide component may have a length of from about 50 to about 2000 amino acid residues, or from about 100 to about 600 amino acid residues, or from about 200 to about 500 amino acid residues, or from about 200 to about 400 amino acid residues.

Elastic polymers (e.g., bioelastic polymers) are known and described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,672 to Urry et al. In general, elastic peptides comprise elastomeric units of bioelastic pentapeptides, tetrapeptides, and/or nonapeptides (e.g., elastin-like peptides). Thus, in some embodiments the elastomeric unit is a pentapeptide, in other embodiments the elastomeric unit is a tetrapeptide, and in still other embodiments the elastomeric unit is a nonapeptide. Bioelastic polymers that may be used to carry out the present invention are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,851, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,851, elastomeric peptides may have a sequence of regularly appearing β-turns, forming an overall spiral conformation (e.g., a β-spiral, which is a series of regularly repeating β-turns). The spiral structures are more open than the more common α-helix. As a result, the atoms in the peptide backbone have a high freedom of movement (e.g., as compared to the freedom of movement for an α-helix). This is particularly true of librational motions involving peptide moieties. A libration is a torsional oscillation involving simultaneous rotational motions of the two single bonds on each side of a librating moiety. The moiety involved in a libration may be a single peptide bond or several peptide residues. For adequate freedom of motion to exist, it is important, however, that the carbonyl oxygen and the amino hydrogen of the peptide bond not be involved in hydrogen bonding to other parts of the molecule or to other molecules. Otherwise a greater energy barrier to the libration exists and motion will be restricted. Since non-hydrogen-bonded segments having freedom of motion exist in the β-spiral between the points of hydrogen bonding for the β-turns, these segments may be said to be librationally suspended. Librationally suspended segments therefore are a structural feature that exists in certain elastic peptides because of the repeating β-turns with relative infrequent hydrogen bonding. Librationally suspended segments resulting from the β-spiral structure are thought to give rise to elasticity, as will be further discussed.

Another factor leading to the high librational freedom of such molecules is the absence of significant polar interactions between the amino acid residues, either intrachain or interchain, other than a hydrogen bond within the β-turn. The amino acid residues present are mostly hydrophobic or glycine and accordingly do not exert significant forces on one another through space. If a significant number of charged or polar groups were present, electrostatic interactions might limit librational freedom and restrict the number of available states in the relaxed (non-extended) form of the molecules. Polar and charged amino acid residues are not strictly prohibited, however, if their presence does not destroy the elasticity of the eslatic peptide component as a whole. For example, an occasional serine residue is present in naturally occurring tropoelastin without destroying elasticity. Accordingly, hydrophobic amino acid residues and glycines are preferred in forming elastomeric polypeptides of the present type although other amino acids may be present to a some extent.

Although not intending to be bound by theory, the elasticity of polypeptides of the β-turn structure may be caused by thermodynamic drive toward greater entropy. The relaxed state of the β-spiral has a large degree of librational freedom and thus the atoms of the peptide chain can exist in a large number of positions. When the molecules are stretched, the degree of freedom is reduced, particularly for librational motions, and when the tension is released, a thermodynamic driving force toward higher entropy results in reformation of the contracted β-spiral.

Other specific bioelastic polymers that can be used to carry out the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,132,746, 4,187,852, 4,500,700, 4,589,882, and 4,870,055, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Still other examples of bioelastic polymers are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,699,294, U.S. Pat. No. 6,753,311, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,061, which are also incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, the β-turn may have the following structure, in the formation of a β-spiral:

wherein R1-R5 represent side chains of amino acid residues 1-5, and m is 0 when the repeating unit is a tetrapeptide or 1 when the repeating unit is a pentapeptide. Nonapeptide repeating units generally consist of sequential tetra- and pentapeptides. The amino acid residues may be hydrophobic amino acid residues, such as those independently selected from alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and methionine. In many cases, the first amino acid residue of the repeating unit is a residue of valine, leucine, isoleucine or phenylalanine; the second amino acid residue is a residue of proline; the third amino acid residue is a residue of glycine; and the fourth amino acid residue is glycine or a hydrophobic residue such as tryptophan, phenylalanine or tyrosine.

In some embodiments, the elastic peptide component, or in some cases the therapeutic agent, has a size of less than about 65 kDa, or less than about 60 kDa, or less than about 55 kDa, or less than about 50 kDa, or less than about 40 kDa, or less than about 30 or 25 kDa. Three major blood proteins, Human Serum Albumin (HSA), Transferrin (Tf) and IgG, or the Fc portion of IgGs in their glycosylated form, have been exploited to extend the half-lives of proteins and peptides for improved therapeutic use. These molecules are 585, 679 and 480 amino acids in length giving molecular weights of about 66, 77, and ˜75 kDa (including glycosylations), respectively. They are each globular and relatively compact. The half life of these molecules is determined by a number of factors, including charge distribution, rescue of molecules by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) (HSA and Fc) or cycling of Tf through the Tf receptor (TfR), and their size which prevents filtering through the kidney glomerulus. HSA is slightly below the generally regarded cut-off for filtration through the kidney (˜70 kDa) but its charge distribution helps prevent this. It would be anticipated that, in order to achieve half-life extension of the same order as that achieved with HSA, Tf and Fc, a protein of at least this molecular weight range would be required or desirable, i.e. having over 550 amino acids and being over 65 kDa. However, an elastic peptide with a small number of amino acids relative to HSA, Tf and Fc (e.g., in the range of about 300 to 400) and around 30 to 40 kDa may have a half life that matches and/or exceeds that of HSA, Tf, and Fc.

Thus, in some embodiments, the elastic peptide component may have an extended, relatively unstructured (e.g., no definitive tertiary structure due to rotational and/or librational freedom of the peptide backbone) and non-globular form, and thus such molecules may have a large expanded structure in comparison to HSA, Tf and Fc, so as to escape kidney filtration. In such embodiments, the therapeutic agents of the invention have a molecular weight of less than the generally recognized cut-off for filtration through the kidney, such as less than about 60 kD, or in some embodiments less than about 55, 50, 45, 40, 30, or 25 kDa, and persist in the body by at least 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, or 100-fold longer than an uncoupled (e.g., unfused or unconjugated) therapeutic counterpart.

In certain embodiments, the elastic peptide component is an ELP that undergoes a reversible inverse phase transition. ELP components are structurally disordered and highly soluble in water below a transition temperature (Tt), but exhibit a sharp (2-3° C. range) disorder-to-order phase transition when the temperature is raised above the Tt, leading to desolvation and aggregation of the ELP components. For example, the ELP forms insoluble polymers, when reaching sufficient size, which can be readily removed and isolated from solution by centrifugation. Such phase transition is reversible, and isolated insoluble ELPs can be completely resolubilized in buffer solution when the temperature is returned below the Tt of the ELPs. Thus, the therapeutic agents of the invention can, in some embodiments, be separated from other contaminating proteins to high purity using inverse transition cycling procedures, e.g., utilizing the temperature-dependent solubility of the therapeutic agent, or salt addition to the medium. Successive inverse phase transition cycles can be used to obtain a high degree of purity. In addition to temperature and ionic strength, other environmental variables useful for modulating the inverse transition of the therapeutic agents include pH, the addition of inorganic and organic solutes and solvents, side-chain ionization or chemical modification, and pressure.

In certain embodiments, the ELP component does not undergo a reversible inverse phase transition, or does not undergo such a transition at a biologically relevant Tt, and thus the improvements in the biological and/or physiological properties of the molecule (as described elsewhere herein), may be entirely or substantially independent of any phase transition properties. Nevertheless, such phase transition properties may impart additional practical advantages, for example, in relation to the recovery and purification of such molecules.

In certain embodiments, the ELP component(s) may be formed of structural units, including but not limited to:

-   -   (a) the tetrapeptide Val-Pro-Gly-Gly, or VPGG (SEQ ID NO: 1);     -   (b) the tetrapeptide Ile-Pro-Gly-Gly, or IPGG (SEQ ID NO: 2);     -   (c) the pentapeptide Val-Pro-Gly-X-Gly (SEQ ID NO: 3), or VPGXG,         where X is any natural or non-natural amino acid residue, and         where X optionally varies among polymeric or oligomeric repeats;     -   (d) the pentapeptide Ala-Val-Gly-Val-Pro, or AVGVP (SEQ ID NO:         4);     -   (e) the pentapeptide Ile-Pro-Gly-X-Gly, or IPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 5),         where X is any natural or non-natural amino acid residue, and         where X optionally varies among polymeric or oligomeric repeats;     -   (e) the pentapeptide Ile-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly, or IPGVG (SEQ ID NO:         6);     -   (f) the pentapeptide Leu-Pro-Gly-X-Gly, or LPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 7),         where X is any natural or non-natural amino acid residue, and         where X optionally varies among polymeric or oligomeric repeats;     -   (g) the pentapeptide Leu-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly, or LPGVG (SEQ ID NO:         8);     -   (h) the hexapeptide Val-Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly, or VAPGVG (SEQ ID         NO: 9);     -   (I) the octapeptide Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly, or GVGVPGVG         (SEQ ID NO: 10);     -   (J) the nonapeptide Val-Pro-Gly-Phe-Gly-Val-Gly-Ala-Gly, or         VPGFGVGAG (SEQ ID NO: 11); and     -   (K) the nonapeptides Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Gly, or         VPGVGVPGG (SEQ ID NO: 12).         Such structural units defined by SEQ ID NOS:1-12 may form         structural repeat units, or may be used in combination to form         an ELP component in accordance with the invention. In some         embodiments, the ELP component is formed entirely (or almost         entirely) of one or a combination of (e.g., 2, 3 or 4)         structural units selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1-12. In other         embodiments, at least 75%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% of         the ELP component is formed from one or a combination of         structural units selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1-12, and which may         be present as repeating units.

In certain embodiments, the ELP component(s) contain repeat units, including tandem repeating units, of the pentapeptide Val-Pro-Gly-X-Gly (SEQ ID NO:3), where X is as defined above, and where the percentage of Val-Pro-Gly-X-Gly (SEQ ID NO:3) pentapeptide units taken with respect to the entire ELP component (which may comprise structural units other than VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3)) is greater than about 75%, or greater than about 85%, or greater than about 95% of the ELP component. The ELP component may contain motifs having a 5 to 15-unit repeat (e.g. about 10-unit repeat) of the pentapeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3, with the guest residue X varying among at least 2 or at least 3 of the units. The guest residues may be independently selected, such as from the amino acids V, I, L, A, G, and W (and may be selected so as to retain a desired inverse phase transition property). The repeat motif itself may be repeated, for example, from about 5 to about 12 times, such as about 8 to 10 times, to create an exemplary ELP component. The ELP component as described in this paragraph may of course be constructed from any one of the structural units defined by SEQ ID NOS: 1-12, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the ELP component may include a β-turn structure. Exemplary peptide sequences suitable for creating a β-turn structure are described in International Patent Application PCT/US96/05186, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, the fourth residue (X) in the elastin pentapeptide sequence, VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3), can be altered without eliminating the formation of a β-turn. Alternatively, the ELP component may lack a β-turn, or otherwise have a different conformation and/or folding character.

In certain embodiments, the ELP components include polymeric or oligomeric repeats of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3), where the guest residue X is any amino acid. X may be a naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring amino acid. In some embodiments, X is selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. In some embodiments, X is a natural amino acid other than proline or cysteine.

The guest residue X (e.g., with respect to SEQ ID NO: 3, or other ELP structural unit) may be a non-classical (non-genetically encoded) amino acid. Examples of non-classical amino acids include: D-isomers of the common amino acids, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, α-amino isobutyric acid, A-aminobutyric acid, Abu, 2-amino butyric acid, γ-Abu, ε-Ahx, 6-amino hexanoic acid, Aib, 2-amino isobutyric acid, 3-amino propionic acid, ornithine, norleucine, norvaline, hydroxyproline, sarcosine, citrulline, homocitrulline, cysteic acid, t-butylglycine, t-butylalanine, phenylglycine, cyclohexylalanine, β-alanine, fluoro-amino acids, designer amino acids such as β-methyl amino acids, Ca-methyl amino acids, Nα-methyl amino acids, and amino acid analogs in general.

Selection of X is independent in each ELP structural unit (e.g., for each structural unit defined herein having a guest residue X). For example, X may be independently selected for each structural unit as an amino acid having a positively charged side chain, an amino acid having a negatively charged side chain, or an amino acid having a neutral side chain, including in some embodiments, a hydrophobic side chain.

In still other embodiments, the ELP component(s) may include polymeric or oligomeric repeats of the pentapeptides VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3), IPGXG (SEQ ID NO:5) or LPGXG (SEQ ID NO:7), or a combination thereof, where X is as defined above.

In each embodiment, the structural units, or in some cases polymeric or oligomeric repeats, of the elastic peptide sequences may be separated by one or more amino acid residues that do not eliminate the overall effect of the molecule, that is, in imparting certain improvements to the therapeutic component as described. In certain embodiments, such one or more amino acids also do not eliminate or substantially affect the phase transition properties where ELP components are employed (relative to the deletion of such one or more amino acids).

For ELP sequences, in each repeat, X is independently selected. The structure of the resulting ELP components may be described using the notation ELPk [X_(i)Y_(j) n], where k designates a particular ELP repeat unit, the bracketed capital letters are single letter amino acid codes and their corresponding subscripts designate the relative ratio of each guest residue X in the structural units (where applicable), and n describes the total length of the ELP in number of the structural repeats. For example, ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10] designates an ELP component containing 10 repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3), where X is valine, alanine, and glycine at a relative ratio of 5:2:3; ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-4] designates an ELP component containing 4 repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3), where X is lysine, valine, and phenylalanine at a relative ratio of 1:2:1; ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-9] designates a polypeptide containing 9 repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3), where X is lysine, valine, and phenylalanine at a relative ratio of 1:7:1; ELP1 [V-5] designates a polypeptide containing 5 repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3), where X is exclusively valine; ELP1 [V-20] designates a polypeptide containing 20 repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO:3), where X is exclusively valine; ELP2 [5] designates a polypeptide containing 5 repeating units of the pentapeptide AVGVP (SEQ ID NO:4); ELP3 [V-5] designates a polypeptide containing 5 repeating units of the pentapeptide IPGXG (SEQ ID NO:5), where X is exclusively valine; ELP4 [V-5] designates a polypeptide containing 5 repeating units of the pentapeptide LPGXG (SEQ ID NO:7), where X is exclusively valine. Such ELP components as described in this paragraph may be used in connection with the present invention to increase the therapeutic properties of the therapeutic component.

Further, the Tt is a function of the hydrophobicity of the guest residue. Thus, by varying the identity of the guest residue(s) and their mole fraction(s), ELPs can be synthesized that exhibit an inverse transition over a 0-100° C. range. Thus, the Tt at a given ELP length may be decreased by incorporating a larger fraction of hydrophobic guest residues in the ELP sequence. Examples of suitable hydrophobic guest residues include valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenyalanine, tryptophan and methionine. Tyrosine, which is moderately hydrophobic, may also be used. Conversely, the Tt may be increased by incorporating residues, such as those selected from the group consisting of: glutamic acid, cysteine, lysine, aspartate, alanine, asparagine, serine, threonine, glycine, arginine, and glutamine; preferably selected from alanine, serine, threonine and glutamic acid.

The ELP component in some embodiments is selected or designed to provide a Tt ranging from about 10 to about 80° C., such as from about 35 to about 60° C., or from about 38 to about 45° C. In some embodiments, the Tt is greater than about 40° C. or greater than about 42° C., or greater than about 45° C., or greater than about 50° C. The transition temperature, in some embodiments, is above the body temperature of the subject or patient (e.g., >37° C.) thereby remaining soluble in vivo, or in other embodiments, the Tt is below the body temperature (e.g., <37° C.) to provide alternative advantages, such as in vivo formation of a drug depot for sustained release of the therapeutic agent.

The Tt of the ELP component can be modified by varying ELP chain length, as the Tt generally increases with decreasing MW. For polypeptides having a molecular weight>100,000, the hydrophobicity scale developed by Urry et al. (PCT/US96/05186, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety) is preferred for predicting the approximate Tt of a specific ELP sequence. However, in some embodiments, ELP component length can be kept relatively small, while maintaining a target Tt, by incorporating a larger fraction of hydrophobic guest residues (e.g., amino acid residues having hydrophobic side chains) in the ELP sequence. For polypeptides having a molecular weight<100,000, the Tt may be predicted or determined by the following quadratic function: Tt=M₀+M₁X+M₂X² where X is the MW of the fusion protein, and M₀=116.21; M₁=−1.7499; M₂=0.010349.

While the Tt of the ELP component, and therefore of the ELP component coupled to a therapeutic component, is affected by the identity and hydrophobicity of the guest residue, X, additional properties of the molecule may also be affected. Such properties include, but are not limited to solubility, bioavailability, persistence, and half-life of the molecule.

As described in PCT/US2007/077767 (published as WO 2008/030968), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, the ELP-coupled therapeutic component can retain the therapeutic component's biological activity. Additionally, ELPs themselves can exhibit long half-lives. Therefore, ELP components in accordance with the present invention substantially increase (e.g. by greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 100%, 200%, 500% or more, in specific embodiments) the half-life of the therapeutic component when conjugated thereto. Such half-life (or in some embodiments persistance or rate of clearance) is determined in comparison to the half-life of the free (unconjugated or unfused) form of the therapeutic component. Furthermore, ELPs may target high blood content organs, when administered in vivo, and thus, can partition in the body, to provide a predetermined desired corporeal distribution among various organs or regions of the body, or a desired selectivity or targeting of a therapeutic agent. In sum, the therapeutic agents contemplated by the invention are administered or generated in vivo as active compositions having extended half-lives (e.g., circulatory half-life), among other potential benefits described herein.

The invention thus provides various agents for therapeutic (in vivo) application, where the therapeutic component is biologically active. Such therapeutic components include, without limitation, growth hormone (GH) particularly human and bovine growth hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormones; interferon including α-. β-, or γ-interferons, etc, interleukin-I; interleukin-II; erythropoietin including α- and β-erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), anti-agiogenic proteins (e.g., angiostatin, endostatin) PACAP polypeptide (pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), vasopressin, arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin, calcitonin, atrial naturetic factor, somatostatin, adrenocorticotropin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, oxytocin, insulin, somatotropin, plasminogen tissue activator, coagulation factors including coagulation factors VIII and IX, glucosylceramidase, sargramostim, lenograstin, filgrastin, dornase-α, molgramostim, PEG-L-asparaginase, PEG-adenosine deaminase, hirudin, eptacog-α (human blood coagulation factor VIIa) nerve growth factors, transforming growth factor, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, VEGF; heparin including low molecular weight heparin, calcitonin; antigens; monoclonal antibodies; vancomycin; desferrioxamine (DFO); parathyroid hormone, an immunogen or antigen, an antibody such as a monoclonal antibody.

Where the therapeutic component is an antibody or antibody sequence, the antibody may be of any isotype, including IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Where the antibody is IgG, the subtype may be IgGi, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. The antibody sequence may be humanized or chimeric. The term “antibody” as used herein includes antibody fragments or segments that retain the capability of binding to a target antigen, for example, Fab, F(ab′)2, and Fv fragments, and the corresponding fragments obtained from antibodies other than IgG. Examples of therapeutic antibodies include but are not limited to herceptin, rituxan, campath, gemtuzumab, herceptin, panorex, rituximab, bexxar, edrecolomab, alemtuzumab, mylotrag, IMC-C225, smartin 195, and mitomomab.

The therapeutic component may also be a therapeutic component listed in Table 1 (e.g., full length or functional portions or functional analogs thereof), as well as GLP-1 receptor agonists such as GLP-1 or exendin-4, insulin, or Factor VII/VIIa, and functional analogs thereof. The structure and activity of such therapeutic components are described in detail below. In some forms of the therapeutic agent, the coupling of the therapeutic component to the elastic peptide is effected by direct covalent bonding or indirect (through appropriate spacer groups) bonding (as described elsewhere herein). Further, the therapeutic component(s) and the elastic peptide component(s) can be structurally arranged in any suitable manner involving such direct or indirect covalent bonding, relative to one another.

Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)-1 Receptor Agonists

In certain embodiments of the invention, the therapeutic agent comprises an ELP component fused or conjugated to a GLP-1 receptor agonist, such as GLP-1, exendin-4, or functional analogs thereof.

Human GLP-1 is a 37 amino acid residue peptide originating from preproglucagon which is synthesized in the L-cells in the distal ileum, in the pancreas, and in the brain. Processing of preproglucagon to give GLP-1(7-36)amide, GLP-1(7-37) and GLP-2 occurs mainly in the L-cells. A simple system is used to describe fragments and analogs of this peptide. For example, Gly⁸-GLP-1(7-37) designates a fragment of GLP-1 formally derived from GLP-1 by deleting the amino acid residues Nos. 1 to 6 and substituting the naturally occurring amino acid residue in position 8 (Ala) by Gly. Similarly, Lys³⁴ (N^(ε)-tetradecanoyl)-GLP-1(7-37) designates GLP-1(7-37) wherein the ε-amino group of the Lys residue in position 34 has been tetradecanoylated. Where reference in this text is made to C-terminally extended GLP-1 analogues, the amino acid residue in position 38 is Arg unless otherwise indicated, the optional amino acid residue in position 39 is also Arg unless otherwise indicated and the optional amino acid residue in position 40 is Asp unless otherwise indicated. Also, if a C-terminally extended analogue extends to position 41, 42, 43, 44 or 45, the amino acid sequence of this extension is as in the corresponding sequence in human preproglucagon unless otherwise indicated.

The parent peptide of GLP-1, proglucagon (PG), has several cleavage sites that produce various peptide products dependent on the tissue of origin including glucagon (PG[32-62]) and GLP-1[7-36]NH₂ (PG[72-107]) in the pancreas, and GLP-1[7-37] (PG[78-108]) and GLP-1[7-36]NH₂ (PG [78-107]) in the L cells of the intestine where GLP-1[7-36]NH₂(78-107 PG) is the major product. The GLP-1 component in accordance with the invention may be any biologically active product or derivative of proglocagon, or functional analog thereof, including: GLP-1(1-35), GLP-1(1-36), GLP-1(1-36)amide, GLP-1(1-37), GLP-1(1-38), GLP-1(1-39), GLP-1(1-40), GLP-1(1-41), GLP-1(7-35), GLP-1(7-36), GLP-1(7-36)amide, GLP-1(7-37), GLP-1(7-38), GLP-1(7-39), GLP-1(7-40) and GLP-1(7-41), or a analog of the foregoing. Generally, the GLP-1 component in some embodiments may be expressed as GLP-1 (A-B), where A is an integer from 1 to 7 and B is an integer from 38 to 45, optionally with one or more amino acid substitutions as defined below.

As an overview, after processing in the intestinal L-cells, GLP-1 is released into the circulation, most notably in response to a meal. The plasma concentration of GLP-1 rises from a fasting level of approximately 15 pmol/L to a peak postprandial level of 40 pmol/L. For a given rise in plasma glucose concentration, the increase in plasma insulin is approximately threefold greater when glucose is administered orally compared with intravenously (Kreymann et al., 1987, Lancet 2(8571): 1300-4). This alimentary enhancement of insulin release, known as the incretin effect, is primarily humoral and GLP-1 is now thought to be the most potent physiological incretin in humans. GLP-1 mediates insulin production via binding to the GLP-1 receptor, known to be expressed in pancreatic β cells. In addition to the insulinotropic effect, GLP-1 suppresses glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying (Wettergen et al., 1993, Dig Dis Sci 38: 665-73) and may enhance peripheral glucose disposal (D'Alessio et al., 1994, J. Clin Invest 93: 2293-6).

A combination of actions gives GLP-1 unique therapeutic advantages over other agents currently used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). First, a single subcutaneous dose of GLP-1 can completely normalize post prandial glucose levels in patients with NIDDM (Gutniak et al., 1994, Diabetes Care 17: 1039-44). This effect may be mediated both by increased insulin release and by a reduction in glucagon secretion. Second, intravenous infusion of GLP-1 can delay postprandial gastric emptying in patients with NIDDM (Williams et al., 1996, J. Clin Endo Metab 81: 327-32). Third, unlike sulphonylureas, the insulinotropic action of GLP-1 is dependent on plasma glucose concentration (Holz et al., 1993, Nature 361:362-5). Thus, the loss of GLP-1-mediated insulin release at low plasma glucose concentration protects against severe hypoglycemia.

When given to healthy subjects, GLP-1 potently influences glycemic levels as well as insulin and glucagon concentrations (Orskov, 1992, Diabetologia 35:701-11), effects which are glucose dependent (Weir et al., 1989, Diabetes 38: 338-342). Moreover, it is also effective in patients with diabetes (Gutniak, M., 1992, N. Engl J Med 226: 1316-22), normalizing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic subjects and improving glycemic control in type 1 patients (Nauck et al., 1993, Diabetologia 36: 741-4, Creutzfeldt et al., 1996, Diabetes Care 19:580-6).

GLP-1 is, however, metabolically unstable, having a plasma half-life (t_(1/2)) of only 1-2 minutes in vivo. Moreover, exogenously administered GLP-1 is also rapidly degraded (Deacon et al., 1995, Diabetes 44: 1126-31). This metabolic instability has limited the therapeutic potential of native GLP-1.

GLP-1[7-36]NH₂ has the following amino acid sequence: HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 13), which may be employed as the GLP-1 component in accordance with the invention. Alternatively, the GLP-1 component may contain glycine (G) at the second position, giving, for example, the sequence HGEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 17). The GLP-1 component may be a biologically active fragment of GLP-1, for example, as disclosed in US 2007/0041951, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Other fragments and modified sequences of GLP-1 are known in the art (U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,492; U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,618; European Patent Application, Publication No. EP 0658568 A1; WO 93/25579, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties). Such fragments and modified sequences may be used in connection with the present invention, as well as those described below.

Certain structural and functional analogs of GLP-1 have been isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizards (Heloderma suspectum and Heloderma horridum) and have shown clinical utility. Such molecules find use in accordance with the present invention. In particular, exendin-4 is a 39 amino acid residue peptide isolated from the venom of Heloderma suspectum and shares approximately 52% homology with human GLP-1. Exendin-4 is a potent GLP-1 receptor agonist that stimulates insulin release, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. Exendin-4 has the following amino acid sequence: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS (SEQ ID NO: 14). A synthetic version of exendin-4 known as exenatide (marketed as Byetta®) has been approved for the treatment of Type-2 Diabetes. Although exenatide is structurally analogous to native GLP-1, it has a longer half-life after injection.

While exenatide has the ability to lower blood glucose levels on its own, it can also be combined with other medications such as metformin, a thiozolidinedione, a sulfonylureas, and/or insulin to improve glucose control. Exenatide is administered by injection subcutaneously twice per day using a pre-filled pen device. Typical human responses to exenatide include improvements in the initial rapid release of endogenous insulin, an increase in β-cell growth and replication, suppression of pancreatic glucagon release, delayed gastric emptying, and reduced appetite—all of which function to lower blood glucose. Unlike sulfonylureas and meglitinides, exenatide increases insulin synthesis and secretion in the presence of glucose only, thus lessening the risk of hypoglycemia. Despite the therapeutic utility of exenatide, it has certain undesirable traits, including the requirement of twice daily injections, gastrointestional side effects, and similar to native GLP-1, a relatively short half-life (i.e. approximately 2 hr).

Various functional analogs of GLP-1 and exendin-4 are known, and which find use in accordance with the invention. These include liraglutide (Novo Nordisk, WO98/008871), R1583/taspoglutide (Roche, WO00/034331), CJC-1131 (ConjuChem, WO00/069911), ZP-10/AVE0010 (Zealand Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, WO01/004156), and LY548806 (Eli Lilly, WO03/018516).

Liraglutide, also known as NN2211, is a GLP-1 receptor agonist analog that has been designed for once-daily injection (Harder et al., 2004, Diabetes Care 27: 1915-21). Liraglutide has been tested in patients with type-2 diabetes in a number of studies and has been shown to be effective over a variety of durations. In one study, treatment with liraglutide improved glycemic control, improved β-cell function, and reduced endogenous glucose release in patients with type-2 diabetes after one week of treatment (Degn et al., 2004, Diabetes 53: 1187-94). In a similar study, eight weeks of 0.6-mg liraglutide therapy significantly improved glycemic control without increasing weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with those on placebo (Harder et al., 2004, Diabetes Care 27: 1915-21).

Thus, in certain embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist in accordance with the invention is as described in WO98/008871, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The GLP-1 receptor agonist may have at least one lipophilic substituent, in addition to one, two, or more amino acid substitutions with respect to native GLP-1. For example, the lipophilic substituent may be an acyl group selected from CH₃(CH₂)_(n)CO—, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 38, such as an integer from 4 to 24. The lipophilic substituent may be an acyl group of a straight-chain or branched alkyl or fatty acid (for example, as described in WO98/008871, which description is hereby incorporated by reference).

In certain embodiments, the GLP-1 component is Arg²⁶-GLP-1(7-37), Arg³⁴-GLP-1(7-37), Lys³⁶-GLP-1(7-37), Arg^(26,34)Lys³⁶-GLP-I (7-37), Arg^(26,34)Lys³⁸-GLP-I (7-38), Arg^(28,34) Lys³⁹-GLP-1(7-39), Arg^(26,34)Lys⁴⁰-GLP-1(7-40), Arg²⁶Lys³⁶-GLP-1(7-37), Arg³⁴Lys³⁶-GLP-1(7-37), Arg²⁶Lys³⁹-GLP-1(7-39), Arg³⁴Lys⁴⁰-GLP-1(7-40), Arg^(26,34)Lys^(36,39)-GLP-I (7-39), Arg^(26,34)Lys^(36,40)-GLP-1(7-40), Gly⁸Arg²⁶-GLP-1(7-37); Gly⁸Arg³⁴-GLP-1(7-37); Gly⁸Lys³⁸-GLP-1(7-37); Gly⁸Arg^(26,34)Lys³⁶-GLP-1(7-37), Gly⁸Arg^(26,34)Lys³⁹-GLP-1(7-39), Gly⁸Arg^(26,34)Lys⁴⁰-GLP-1(7-40), Gly⁸Arg²⁶Lys³⁶-GLP-1(7-37), Gly⁸Arg³⁴Lys³⁶-GLP-1(7-37), Gly⁸Arg²⁶Lys³⁹- GLP-1(7-39); Gly⁸Arg³⁴Lys⁴⁰-GLP-1(7-40), Gly⁸Arg^(28,34)Lys^(36,39)-GLP-1(7-39) and Gly⁸Arg^(26,34)Lys^(35,40)-GLP-1(7-40), each optionally having a lipophilic substituent. For example, the GLP-1 receptor agonist may have the sequence/structure Arg³⁴Lys²⁶-(N-ε-(γ-Glu(N-α-hexadecanoyl)))-GLP-I(7-37).

Taspoglutide, also known as R1583 or BIM 51077, is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that has been shown to improve glycemic control and lower body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin (Abstract No. A-1604, Jun. 7, 2008, 68th American Diabetes Association Meeting, San Francisco, Calif.).

Thus, in certain embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is as described in WO00/034331, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In certain exemplary embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist has the sequence [Aib^(8,35)]hGLP-1(7-36)NH₂ (e.g. taspoglutide), wherein Aib is alpha-aminoisobutyric acid.

CJC-1131 is a GLP-1 analog that consists of a DPP-IV-resistant form of GLP-1 joined to a reactive chemical linker group that allows GLP-1 to form a covalent and irreversible bond with serum albumin following subcutaneous injection (Kim et al., 2003, Diabetes 52: 751-9). In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study, CJC-1131 and metformin treatment was effective in reducing fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients (Ratner et al., Abstract No. 10-OR, Jun. 10-14, 2005, 65th American Diabetes Association Meeting, San Francisco, Calif.).

Thus, in certain embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is as described in WO00/069911, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is modified with a reactive group which reacts with amino groups, hydroxyl groups or thiol groups on blood components to form a stable covalent bond. In certain embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is modified with a reactive group selected from the group consisting of succinimidyl and maleimido groups. In certain exemplary embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist has the sequence/structure: D-Ala⁸Lys³⁷-(2-(2-(2-maleimidopropionamido(ethoxy)ethoxy)acetamide))-GLP-1(7-37) (e.g. CJC-1131).

AVE0010, also known as ZP-10, is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that may be employed in connection with the invention. In a recent double-blind study, patients treated with once daily dosing of AVE0010 demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c levels (Ratner et al., Abstract No. 433-P, 68th American Diabetes Association Meeting, San Francisco, Calif.). At the conclusion of the study, the percentages of patients with HbA1c <7% ranged from 47-69% for once daily dosing compared to 32% for placebo. In addition, AVE0010 treated patients showed dose-dependent reductions in weight and post-prandial plasma glucose.

Thus, in certain embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is as described in WO01/004156, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, the GLP-1 receptor agonist may have the sequence: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPSKKKKKK-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 18) (e.g. AVE0010).

LY548806 is a GLP-1 derivative designed to be resistant to proteolysis by dipeptidase-peptidyl IV (DPP-IV) (Jackson et al., Abstract No. 562, Jun. 10-14, 2005, 65th American Diabetes Association Meeting, San Francisco, Calif.). In an animal model of hyperglycemia, LY548806 has been shown to produce a significant lowering of blood glucose levels during the hyperglycemic phase (Saha et al., 2006, J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 316: 1159-64). Moreover, LY548806 was shown to produce a significant increase in insulin levels consistent with its known mechanism of action, namely stimulation of insulin release in the presence of hyperglycemia.

Thus, in certain embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is as described in WO03/018516, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agents of the present invention comprise GLP-1 analogs wherein the backbone for such analogs or fragments contains an amino acid other than alanine at position 8 (position 8 analogs). The backbone may also include L-histidine, D-histidine, or modified forms of histidine such as desamino-histidine, 2-amino-histidine, β-hydroxy-histidine, homohistidine, α-fluoromethyl-histidine, or α-methyl-histidine at position 7. In some embodiments, these position 8 analogs may contain one or more additional changes at positions 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27, 30, 33, and 37 compared to the corresponding amino acid of native GLP-1. In other embodiments, these position 8 analogs may contain one or more additional changes at positions 16, 18, 22, 25 and 33 compared to the corresponding amino acid of native GLP-1. In certain exemplary embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist has the sequence: HVEGTFTSDVSSYLEEQAAKEFIAWLIKGRG-OH (SEQ ID NO: 19) (e.g. LY548806).

Thus, the present invention provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide (e.g., an ELP) and a GLP-1 receptor agonist. For example, in certain embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is GLP-1 (SEQ ID NO:13, 17, or 59) or a functional analog thereof. In other embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is exendin-4 (SEQ ID NO:14) or a functional analog thereof. Such functional analogs of GLP-1 or exendin-4 include functional fragments truncated at the C-terminus by from 1 to 10 amino acids, including by 1, 2, 3, or up to about 5 amino acids (with respect to SEQ ID NOS: 13, 14, 17, or 59). Such functional analogs may contain from 1 to 10 amino acid insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to the native sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NOS 13, 14, and 59), and in each case retaining the activity of the peptide. For example, the functional analog of GLP-1 or exendin-4 may have from 1 to about 3, 4, or 5 insertions, deletions and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to SEQ ID NOS: 13, 59 and 14, and in each case retaining the activity of the peptide. Such activity may be confirmed or assayed using any available assay, including those described herein. In these or other embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist component has at least about 50%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% identity with the native sequence (SEQ ID NOS: 13, 59, and 14). The determination of sequence identity between two sequences (e.g., between a native sequence and a functional analog) can be accomplished using any alignment tool, including Tatusova et al., Blast 2 sequences—a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences, FEMS Microbiol Lett. 174:247-250(1999). Such functional analogs may further comprise additional chemical modifications, such as those described in this section and/or others known in the art.

In certain embodiments, the GLP1-ELP fusion has a sequence exemplified herein as SEQ ID NOS: 54 and 56. When processed, the mature form of such fusion protein will begin with the His⁷ of GLP.

In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for the treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, binge eating, bulimia, hypertension, syndrome X, dyslipidemia, cognitive disorders, atheroschlerosis, non-fatty liver disease, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular disorders. The method comprises administering the therapeutic agent comprising the elastin-like peptide (ELP) and the GLP-1 receptor agonist (as described above) to a patient in need of such treatment. In these or other embodiments, the present invention provides methods for decreasing food intake, decreasing β-cell apoptosis, increasing β-cell function and β-cell mass, and/or for restoring glucose sensitivity to β-cells. Generally, the patient may be a human or non-human animal patient (e.g., dog, cat, cow, or horse). Preferably, the patient is human.

The treatment with a ELP/GLP-1 receptor agonist compound according to the present invention may also be combined with one or more pharmacologically active substances, e.g. selected from antidiabetic agents, antiobesity agents, appetite regulating agents, antihypertensive agents, agents for the treatment and/or prevention of complications resulting from or associated with diabetes and agents for the treatment and/or prevention of complications and disorders resulting from or associated with obesity. In the present context, the expression “antidiabetic agent” includes compounds for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of insulin resistance and diseases wherein insulin resistance is the pathophysiological mechanism.

The ability of a GLP-1 or exendin-4 analog, or an GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide compound, to bind the GLP-1 receptor may be determined by standard methods, for example, by receptor-binding activity screening procedures which involve providing appropriate cells that express the GLP-1 receptor on their surface, for example, insulinoma cell lines such as RINmSF cells or INS-1 cells. In addition to measuring specific binding of tracer to membrane using radioimmunoassay methods, cAMP activity or glucose dependent insulin production can also be measured. In one method, a polynucleotide encoding the GLP-1 receptor is employed to transfect cells to thereby express the GLP-1 receptor protein. Thus, these methods may be employed for testing or confirming whether a suspected GLP-1 receptor agonist is active. An exemplary assay is described in greater detail herein.

In addition, known methods can be used to measure or predict the level of biologically activity of a GLP-1 receptor agonist or GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide in vivo (See e.g. Siegel, et al., 1999, Regul Pept 79(2-3): 93-102). In particular, GLP-1 receptor agonists or GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide compounds can be assessed for their ability to induce the production of insulin in vivo using a variety of known assays for measuring GLP-1 activity. For example, a GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide compound can be introduced into a cell, such as an immortalized β-cell, and the resulting cell can be contacted with glucose. If the cell produces insulin in response to the glucose, then the modified GLP-1 is generally considered biologically active in vivo (Fehmann et al., 1992, Endocrinology 130: 159-166). An exemplary assay is described in greater detail herein.

The ability of an GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide compound to enhance β-cell proliferation, inhibit β-cell apoptosis, and regulate islet growth may also be measured using known assays. Pancreatic β-cell proliferation may be assessed by ³H-tymidine or BrdU incorporation assays (See e.g. Buteau et al., 2003, Diabetes 52: 124-32), wherein pancreatic β-cells such as INS(832/13) cells are contacted with a GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide compound and analyzed for increases in ³H-thymidine or BrdU incorporation. The antiapoptotic activity of a GLP-1 receptor agonist/elastic peptide compound can be measured in cultured insulin-secreting cells and/or in animal models where diabetes occurs as a consequence of an excessive rate of beta-cell apoptosis (See e.g. Bulotta et al., 2004, Cell Biochem Biophys 40(3 suppl): 65-78).

In addition to GLP-1, other peptides of this family, such as those derived from processing of the pro-glucagon gene, such as GLP-2, GIP, and oxyntomodulin, could be conjugated or fused to the elastic peptide component (as described herein) to enhance the therapeutic potential.

Insulin

In other embodiments, the present invention provides a therapeutic agent comprising an elastin peptide component coupled to insulin (e.g., via fusion or conjugation). Insulin injections, e.g. of human insulin, can be used to treat diabetes. The insulin-making cells of the body are called β-cells, and they are found in the pancreas gland. These cells clump together to form the “islets of Langerhans”, named for the German medical student who described them.

The synthesis of insulin begins at the translation of the insulin gene, which resides on chromosome 11. During translation, two introns are spliced out of the mRNA product, which encodes a protein of 110 amino acids in length. This primary translation product is called preproinsulin and is inactive. It contains a signal peptide of 24 amino acids in length, which is required for the protein to cross the cell membrane.

Once the preproinsulin reaches the endoplasmic reticulum, a protease cleaves off the signal peptide to create proinsulin. Proinsulin consists of three domains: an amino-terminal B chain, a carboxyl-terminal A chain, and a connecting peptide in the middle known as the C-peptide. Insulin is composed of two chains of amino acids named chain A (21 amino acids—GIVEQCCASVCSLYQLENYCN) (SEQ ID NO: 15) and chain B (30 amino acids FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKA) (SEQ ID NO: 16) that are linked together by two disulfide bridges. There is a 3rd disulfide bridge within the A chain that links the 6th and 11th residues of the A chain together. In most species, the length and amino acid compositions of chains A and B are similar, and the positions of the three disulfide bonds are highly conserved. For this reason, pig insulin can replace deficient human insulin levels in diabetes patients. Today, porcine insulin has largely been replaced by the mass production of human proinsulin by bacteria (recombinant insulin).

Insulin molecules have a tendency to form dimers in solution, and in the presence of zinc ions, insulin dimers associate into hexamers. Whereas monomers of insulin readily diffuse through the blood and have a rapid effect, hexamers diffuse slowly and have a delayed onset of action. In the design of recombinant insulin, the structure of insulin can be modified in a way that reduces the tendency of the insulin molecule to form dimers and hexamers but that does not interrupt binding to the insulin receptor. In this way, a range of preparations are made, varying from short acting to long acting.

Within the endoplasmic reticulum, proinsulin is exposed to several specific peptidases that remove the C-peptide and generate the mature and active form of insulin. In the Golgi apparatus, insulin and free C-peptide are packaged into secretory granules, which accumulate in the cytoplasm of the β-cells. Exocytosis of the granules is triggered by the entry of glucose into the beta cells. The secretion of insulin has a broad impact on metabolism.

There are two phases of insulin release in response to a rise in glucose. The first is an immediate release of insulin. This is attributable to the release of preformed insulin, which is stored in secretory granules. After a short delay, there is a second, more prolonged release of newly synthesized insulin.

Once released, insulin is active for a only a brief time before it is degraded by enzymes. Insulinase found in the liver and kidneys breaks down insulin circulating in the plasma, and as a result, insulin has a half-life of only about 6 minutes. This short duration of action results in rapid changes in the circulating levels of insulin.

Insulin analogs have been developed with improved therapeutic properties (Owens et al., 2001, Lancet 358: 739-46; Vajo et al., 2001, Endocr Rev 22: 706-17), and such analogs may be employed in connection with the present invention. Various strategies, including elongation of the COOH-terminal end of the insulin B-chain and engineering of fatty acid-acylated insulins with substantial affinity for albumin are used to generate longer-acting insulin analogs. However, in vivo treatments with available longer-acting insulin compounds still result in a high frequency of hypo- and hyperglycemic excursions and modest reduction in HbA_(1c). Accordingly, development of a truly long-acting and stable human insulin analog still remains an important task.

Functional analogs of insulin that may be employed in accordance with the invention include rapid acting analogs such as lispro, aspart and glulisine, which are absorbed rapidly (<30 minutes) after subcutaneous injection, peak at one hour, and have a relatively short duration of action (3 to 4 hours). In addition, two long acting insulin analogs have been developed: glargine and detemir, and which may be employed in connection with the invention. The long acting insulin analogs have an onset of action of approximately two hours and reach a plateau of biological action at 4 to 6 hours, and may last up to 24 hours.

Thus, in one embodiment, the insulin component may contain the A and/or B chain of lispro (also known as Humalog, Eli Lilly). Insulin lispro differs from human insulin by the substitution of proline with lysine at position 28 and the substitution of lysine with proline at position 29 of the insulin B chain. Although these modifications do not alter receptor binding, they help to block the formation of insulin dimers and hexamers, allowing for larger amounts of active monomeric insulin to be available for postprandial injections.

In another embodiment, the insulin may contain an A and/or B chain of aspart (also known as Novolog, Novo Nordisk). Insulin aspart is designed with the single replacement of the amino acid proline by aspartic acid at position 28 of the human insulin B chain. This modification helps block the formation for insulin hexamers, creating a faster acting insulin.

In yet another embodiment, the insulin may contain an A and/or B chain of glulisine (also known as Apidra, Sanofi-Aventis). Insulin glulisine is a short acting analog created by substitution of asparagine at position 3 by lysine and lysine at position 29 by glutamine of human insulin B chain. Insulin glulisine has more rapid onset of action and shorter duration of action compared to regular human insulin.

In another embodiment, the insulin may contain an A and/or B chain of glargine (also known as Lantus, Sanofi-Aventis). Insulin glargine differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position 21 of the A chain is replaced by glycine and two arginines are added to the C-terminus of the B-chain. Compared with bedtime neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin (an intermediate acting insulin), insulin glargine is associated with less nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In yet another embodiment, the insulin may contain an A and/or B chain from detemir (also known as Levemir, Novo Nordisk). Insulin detemir is a soluble (at neutral pH) long-acting insulin analog, in which the amino acid threonine at B30 is removed and a 14-carbon, myristoyl fatty acid is acetylated to the epsilon-amino group of LysB29. After subcutaneous injection, detemir dissociates, thereby exposing the free fatty acid which enables reversible binding to albumin molecules. So at steady state, the concentration of free unbound insulin is greatly reduced resulting in stable plasma glucose levels.

In some embodiments, the insulin may be a single-chain insulin analog (SIA) (e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,630,438 and WO08/019368, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety). Single-chain insulin analogs encompass a group of structurally-related proteins wherein the A and B chains are covalently linked by a polypeptide linker. The polypeptide linker connects the C-terminus of the B chain to the N-terminus of the A chain. The linker may be of any length so long as the linker provides the structural conformation necessary for the SIA to have a glucose uptake and insulin receptor binding effect. In some embodiments, the linker is about 5-18 amino acids in length. In other embodiments, the linker is about 9-15 amino acids in length. In certain embodiments, the linker is about 12 amino acids long. In certain exemplary embodiments, the linker has the sequence KDDNPNLPRLVR (SEQ ID NO.: 20) or GAGSSSRRAPQT (SEQ ID NO.: 21). However, it should be understood that many variations of this sequence are possible such as in the length (both addition and deletion) and substitutions of amino acids without substantially compromising the effectiveness of the produced SIA in glucose uptake and insulin receptor binding activities. For example, several different amino acid residues may be added or removed from either end without substantially decreasing the activity of the produced SIA.

An exemplary single-chain insulin analog currently in clinical development is albulin (Duttaroy et al., 2005, Diabetes 54: 251-8). Albulin can be produced in yeast or in mammalian cells. It consists of the B and A chain of human insulin (100% identity to native human insulin) linked together by a dodecapeptide linker and fused to the NH₂ terminals of the native human serum albumin. For expression and purification of albulin, Duttaroy et al. constructed a synthetic gene construct encoding a single-chain insulin containing the B- and A-chain of mature human insulin linked together by a dodecapeptide linker using four overlapping primers and PCR amplification. The resulting PCR product was ligated in-frame between the signal peptide of human serum albumin (HSA) and the NH₂ terminus of mature HSA, contained within a pSAC35 vector for expression in yeast. In accordance with the present invention, the HSA component of abulin may be replaced with an ELP component as described herein.

Thus, in one aspect, the present invention provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide and an insulin or functional analog thereof. For example, in certain embodiments, the insulin is a mammalian insulin, such as human insulin or porcine insulin. In accordance with the invention, the elastic peptide component may be coupled (e.g., via recombinant fusion or chemical conjugation) to the insulin A chain, or B chain, or both. The insulin may comprise each of chains A, B, and C (SEQ ID NOS: 51 and 52), or may contain a processed form, containing only chains A and B. In some embodiments, chains A and B are connected by a short linking peptide, to create a single chain insulin. The insulin may be a functional analog of human insulin, including functional fragments truncated at the N-terminus and/or C-terminus (of either or both of chains A and B) by from 1 to 10 amino acids, including by 1, 2, 3, or about 5 amino acids. Functional analogs may contain from 1 to 10 amino acid insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to the native sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NOS 15 and 16), and in each case retaining the activity of the peptide. For example, functional analogs may have 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to the native sequence (which may contain chains A and B, or chains A, B, and C). Such activity may be confirmed or assayed using any available assay, including those described herein. In these or other embodiments, the insulin component has at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% identity with each of the native sequences for chains A and B (SEQ ID NOS:15 and 16). The determination of sequence identity between two sequences (e.g., between a native sequence and a functional analog) can be accomplished using any alignment tool, including Tatusova et al., Blast 2 sequences—a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences FEMS Microbiol Lett. 174:247-250(1999). The insulin component may contain additional chemical modifications known in the art.

In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for the treatment or prevention of diabetes, including type I and II diabetes. The method comprises administering an effective amount of the therapeutic agent comprising an elastic peptide (e.g., ELP) component and an insulin (or functional analog thereof) component to a patient in need thereof. Generally, the patient may be a human or non-human animal (e.g., dog, cat, cow, or horse) patient. Preferably, the patient is human.

To characterize the in vitro binding properties of an insulin analog or an elastic peptide-containing insulin analog, competition binding assays may be performed in various cell lines that express the insulin receptor (Jehle et al., 1996, Diabetologia 39: 421-432). For example, competition binding assays using CHO cells overexpressing the human insulin receptor may be employed. Insulin can also bind to the IGF-1 receptor with a lower affinity than the insulin receptor. To determine the binding affinity of an ELP-containing insulin analog, a competition binding assay can be performed using ¹²⁵I-labeled IGF-1 in L6 cells.

The activities of insulin include stimulation of peripheral glucose disposal and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. The ability of an elastic peptide-containing insulin analog to mediate these biological activities can be assayed in vitro using known methodologies. For example, the effect of an elastic peptide-containing analog on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes can be measured and compared with that of insulin. Pretreatment of the cells with a biologically active analog will generally produce a dose-dependent increase in 2-deoxyglucose uptake. The ability of an elastic peptide-containing insulin analog to regulate glucose production may be measured in any number of cells types, for example, H4Ile hepatoma cells. In this assay, pretreatment with a biologically active analog will generally result in a dose-dependent inhibition of the amount of glucose released.

Factor VII (VIIa)

In certain embodiments, the invention provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide component coupled (e.g., via fusion or conjugation) to a Factor VII/VIIa. Coagulation is the biological process of blood clot formation involving many different serine proteases as well as their essential cofactors and inhibitors. It is initiated by exposure of Factor VII (FVII) and Factor VIIa (FVIIa) to its membrane bound cofactor, tissue factor (TF), resulting in production of Factor Xa (FXa) and more FVIIa. The process is propagated upon production of Factor IXa (FIXa) and additional FXa that, upon binding with their respective cofactors FVIIIa and FVa, form platelet bound complexes, ultimately resulting in the formation of thrombin and a fibrin clot. Thrombin also serves to further amplify coagulation by activation of cofactors such as FV and FVII and zymogens such as Factor XI. Moreover, thrombin activates platelets leading to platelet aggregation, which is necessary for the formation of a hemostatic plug.

Factor VII circulates in the blood in a zymogen form, and is converted to its active form, Factor VIIa, by either factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIIa, or thrombin by minor proteolysis. Factor VIIa is a two-chain, 50 kilodalton (kDa) plasma serine protease. The active form of the enzyme comprises a heavy chain (254 amino acid residues) containing a catalytic domain and a light chain (152 residues) containing 2 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. The mature factor VII/VIIa that circulates in plasma is composed of 406 amino acid residues (SEQ ID NO: 33). The light and heavy chains are held together by a disulfide bond.

As noted above, Factor VIIa is generated by proteolysis of a single peptide bond from its single chain zymogen, Factor VII, which is present at approximately 0.5 μg/ml in plasma. The conversion of zymogen Factor VII into the activated two-chain molecule occurs by cleavage of an internal peptide bond. In human Factor VII, the cleavage site is at Arg152-Ile153 (Hagen et al., 1986, PNAS USA 83: 2412-6).

“Factor VII/VIIa” as used in this application means a product consisting of either the unactivated form (factor VII) or the activated form (factor VIIa) or mixtures thereof. “Factor VII/VIIa” within the above definition includes proteins that have an amino acid sequence of native human factor VII/VIIa. It also includes proteins with a slightly modified amino acid sequence, for instance, a modified N-terminal end including N-terminal amino acid deletions or additions so long as those proteins substantially retain the activity of factor VIIa. “Factor VII” within the above definition also includes natural allelic variations that may exist and occur from one individual to another. Also, degree and location of glycosylation or other post-translation modifications may vary depending on the chosen host cells and the nature of the host cellular environment.

In the presence of calcium ions, Factor VIIa binds with high affinity to TF. TF is a 263 amino acid residue glycoprotein composed of a 219 residue extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic domain (Morrissey et al., 1987, Cell 50: 129-35). The TF extracellular domain is composed of two fibronectin type III domains of about 105 amino acids each. The binding of FVIIa is mediated entirely by the TF extracellular domain (Muller et al., 1994, Biochem. 33:10864-70). Residues in the area of amino acids 16-26 and 129-147 contribute to the binding of FVIIa as well as the coagulant function of the molecule. Residues Lys20, Trp45, Asp58, Tyr94, and Phe140 make a large contribution (1 kcal/mol) to the free energy (ΔG) of binding to FVIIa.

TF is expressed constitutively on cells separated from plasma by the vascular endothelium. Its expression on endothelial cells and monocytes is induced by exposure to inflammatory cytokines or bacterial lipopolysaccharides (Drake et al., 1989, J. Cell Biol. 109: 389). Upon tissue injury, the exposed extracellular domain of TF forms a high affinity, calcium dependent complex with FVII. Once bound to TF, FVII can be activated by peptide bond cleavage to yield serine protease FVIIa. The enzyme that catalyzes this step in vivo has not been elucidated, but in vitro FXa, thrombin, TF:FVIIa and FIXa can catalyze this cleavage. FVIIa has only weak activity upon its physiological substrates FX and FIX whereas the TF:FVIIa complex rapidly activates FX and FIX.

The TF:FVIIa complex constitutes the primary initiator of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. The complex initiates the extrinsic pathway by activation of FX to Factor Xa (FXa), FIX to Factor IXa (FIXa), and additional FVII to FVIIa. The action of TF:FVIIa leads ultimately to the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, which carries out many biological functions. Among the most important activities of thrombin is the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which polymerizes to form a clot. The TF:FVIIa complex also participates as a secondary factor in extending the physiological effects of the contact activation system.

The initiation and subsequent regulation of coagulation is complex, since maintenance of hemostasis is crucial for survival. There is an exquisite balance between hemostasis (normal clot formation and dissolution) and thrombosis (pathogenic clot formation). Serious clinical conditions involving aberrations in coagulation include deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, stroke and disseminated intravascular coagulation (in sepsis). There are also many bleeding coagulopathies where there is insufficient clot formation. These include hemophilia A (FVIII deficiency) or hemophilia B (FIX deficiency), where procoagulant therapy is required. The challenge in this therapeutic area is to operate in the narrow window between too much and too little coagulation.

The use of exogenous FVIIa as a therapeutic agent has been shown to induce hemostasis in patients with hemophilia A and B (Hedner, 2001, Seminars Hematol. 38 (suppl. 12): 43-7; Hedner, 2004, Seminars Hematol. 41 (suppl. 1): 35-9). It also has been used to treat bleeding in patients with liver disease, anticoagulation-induced bleeding, surgery, thrombocytopenia, thrombasthenia, Bemard-Soulier syndrome, von Willebrand disease, and other bleeding disorders (See e.g. Roberts et al., 2004, Blood 104: 3858-64).

Commercial preparations of human recombinant FVIIa are sold as NovoSeven.™ NovoSeven™ is indicated for the treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia A or B patients and is the only recombinant FVIIa effective for bleeding episodes currently available. A circulating recombinant FVIIa half-life of 2.3 hours was reported in “Summary Basis for Approval for NovoSeven™” FDA reference number 96-0597. Moreover, the half-life of recombinant FVIIa is shorter in pediatric patients (˜1.3 hours), suggesting that higher doses of recombinaint FVIIa may be required in this population (Roberts et al., 2004, Blood 104: 3858-64). Accordingly, relatively high doses and frequent administration are necessary to reach and sustain the desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect. As a consequence, adequate dose regulation is difficult to obtain and the need of frequent intravenous administrations imposes restrictions on the patient's way of living.

A molecule with a longer circulation half-life would decrease the number of necessary administrations. Given the frequent injections associated with currently available FVIIa therapy and the potential for obtaining more optimal therapeutic FVIIa levels with concomitant enhanced therapeutic effect, there is a clear need for improved FVII or FVIIa-like molecules with a longer half-life in vivo.

Recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa (rFVIIa, NovoSeven; Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) has proven to be efficacious for the treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. A small fraction of patients may be refractory to rFVIIa treatment and could potentially benefit from genetically modified FVIIa molecules with increased potencies. To this end, FVIIa analogs with increased intrinsic activity have been investigated that exhibit superior hemostatic profiles in vitro (see e.g. WO02/077218 or WO05/074975, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, and Tranholm et al., 2003, Blood 102(10): 3615-20, which is also incorporated by reference). These analogs may also be used as more efficacious hemostatic agents in other indications where efficacy of rFVIIa has been observed, including in thrombocytopenia and trauma.

Thus, in some embodiments, the Factor VIIa analog that may be used in accordance with the invention is as described in WO02/077218 or WO05/074975. For example, the FVIIa analog may have a glutamine substituted for methionine at position 298 (i.e. M298Q-FVIIa). In certain exemplary embodiments, the FVIIa analog contains two additional mutations, valine at position 158 replaced by aspartic acid and glutamic acid at position 296 replaced by valine (i.e. V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVIIa). Additionally or alternatively, the Factor VIIa analog may have an alanine residue substitution for lysine at position 337 (i.e. V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVIIa). In still other embodiments, the Factor VIIa analog has a substitution or insertion selected from Q250C; P406C; and 407C, wherein a cysteine has also been introduced in the C-terminal sequence (see, e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 7,235,638, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). The Factor VIIa analog may further comprise a substitution or insertion at one or more of positions 247, 260, 393, 396, and/or 405.

In these or other embodiments, the Factor VIIa analog comprises a substitution relative to the sequence of native Factor VIIa selected from: (a) a substitution of Lys157 with an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Gly, Val, Ser, Thr, Asp, and Glu; (b) a substitution of Lys337 with ah amino acid selected from the group consisting of Ala, Gly, Val, Ser, Thr, Gin, Asp, and Glu; (c) a substitution of Asp334 with any amino acid other than Ala or Asn; and (d) a substitution of Ser336 with any amino acid other than Ala or Cys (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 7,176,288, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). Additionally or alternatively, the Factor VIIa analog comprises a substitution of the Leu at position 305 of Factor VII with an amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of Val, Ile, Met, Phe, Trp, Pro, Gly, Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn, Glu, Lys, Arg, His, Asp and Gln (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 6,905,683, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).

Thus, in one aspect, the present invention provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide, e.g., an elastin-like peptide (ELP) and a Factor VII/VIIa, or functional analog thereof. For example, in certain embodiments, the Factor VII/VIIa is human Factor VII/VIIa (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 33). The Factor VII/VIIa may be a functional analog of human Factor VII/VIIa, including functional fragments truncated at the N-terminus and/or C-terminus by from 1 to 10 amino acids, including by 1, 2, 3, or about 5 amino acids. Functional analogs may contain from 1 to 10 amino acid insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to the native sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 33), and in each case retaining the activity of the peptide. For example, such analogs may have from 1 to about 5 amino acid insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to the native full length sequence, or with respect to one or both of the heavy and light chains. Such activity may be confirmed or assayed using any available assay, including those described herein. In these or other embodiments, the Factor VII/VIIa component has at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% identity with the native sequence (SEQ ID NO:33). The determination of sequence identity between two sequences (e.g., between a native sequence and a functional analog) can be accomplished using any alignment tool, including Tatusova et al., Blast 2 sequences—a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences, FEMS Microbiol Lett. 174:247-250(1999).

In exemplary embodiments, the FactorVII-ELP fusion has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:58. SEQ ID NO:58 further comprises a TEV protease cleavage site between the FactorVII and ELP sequences, which may be beneficial for removing the ELP sequence post expression where desired. However, in accordance with the invention, the tev sequence may be entirely removed, or replaced with another linking sequence as disclosed herein.

In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for the treatment or prevention of bleeding-related disorders. The method comprises administering an effective amount of the therapeutic agent comprising an elastic peptide and a Factor VII/VIIa or functional analog thereof to a patient in need. In certain embodiments, the bleeding-related disorder is one or more of hemophilia (A or B), post-surgical bleeding, anticoagulation-induced bleeding, thrombocytopenia, Factor VII deficiency, Factor XI deficiency, bleeding in patients with liver disease, thrombasthenia, Bemard-Soulier syndrome, von Willebrand disease, and intracranial hemorrhage. Generally, the patient is a human or non-human animal (e.g., dog, cat, cow, or horse) patient. Preferably, the patient is human.

To characterize the in vitro binding properties of a suspected Factor VII/VIIa analog, or an elastic peptide-containing Factor VIIa analog, TF binding assays can be performed as described previously (See, e.g., Chaing et al., 1994, Blood 83(12): 3524-35). Briefly, recombinant human TF can be coated onto Immulon II plates in carbonate antigen buffer overnight at 4° C. BSA is also coated onto the plates for use as a control. Elastic peptide-containing Factor VIIa analogs may be added at various concentrations in TBS-T buffer. After several washes, monospecific polyclonal rabbit anti-human FVIIa sera is added and incubated for approximately an hour at room temperature. Next, goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to alkaline phosphatase is added, followed by the alkaline phosphatase substrate PNPP, which is used for detection. After subtraction of background, the absorbance at ˜405 nm is taken to be directly proportional to the degree of Factor VIIa binding to the immobilized TF. These values can then be compared to control plasma containing Factor VIIa.

The clotting ability of a Factor VII/VIIa analog or an elastic peptide-containing Factor VIIa analog can be measured in human FVII deficient plasma. In this assay, the elastic peptide-containing Factor VIIa analog diluted to varying concentrations directly into FVII deficient plasma. In a coagulometer, one part plasma±a FVIIa analog can be mixed with 2 parts Innovin™ (Dade, Miami, Fla.) prothrombin time reagent (recombinant human tissue factor with phospholipids and CaCl₂). Clot formation is detected optically and time to clotting measured. Clotting time (seconds) is compared to the mean clotting time of FVII-deficient plasma alone and plotted as the fractional clotting time versus FVIIa analog concentration.

Therapeutic Proteins

The present invention further provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide component and at least one therapeutic protein selected from Table 1. The elastic peptide (e.g., ELP) component and therapeutic protein may be coupled by recombinant fusion or chemical conjugation as described herein. Such therapeutic proteins are listed in Table 1 by protein name and GeneSeq Accession No. The amino acid sequence of each Therapeutic Protein, which is known in the art, is hereby incorporated by reference for each Therapeutic Protein listed in Table 1. Such therapeutic proteins are further described in US patent or PCT publications that are also listed in Table 1, and such US patent and PCT publications are hereby incorporated by reference, especially with respect to the structure of such therapeutic proteins and described functional analogs.

Table 1 further describes the biological activity of each listed Therapeutic Protein, as well as an exemplary assay for determining the activity of functional analogs or agents of the invention (e.g., fusion with an elastic peptide component). Generally, functional analogs of therapeutic proteins listed in Table 1 may include functional fragments truncated at the N-terminus and/or C-terminus by from 1 to 10 amino acids, including by 1, 2, 3, 4 or about 5 amino acids. Functional analogs may contain from 1 to 10 amino acid insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to the base sequence (e.g., as listed in Table 1), and in each case retaining the full or partial biological activity (as listed in Table 1) of the therapeutic protein. For example, functional analogs may have 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid insertions, deletions, and/or substitutions (collectively) with respect to the base sequence. Such activity may be confirmed or assayed using any available assay, including those described in the Table. In these or other embodiments, the therapeutic protein has at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% identity with the corresponding base sequence. The molecules may further comprise additional chemical modifications known for each in the art.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic protein (e.g., as selected from Table 1) has a size of less than about 25 kDa, or less than about 10 kDa, or less than about 5 kDa, and the corresponding therapeutic agent of the invention (e.g., comprising the ELP component) has a molecular weight of less than about 60 kDa, 55 kDa, 50 kDa, or 40 kDa.

Table 1 further lists preferred indications for each therapeutic protein, for which the corresponding therapeutic agent finds use, such as in a method for treatment or prevention related to such indication.

TABLE 1 PCT/Patent Reference Exemplary Identifier (the patents and (the sequences listed publications listed in Exemplary Activity Assay in this column are each this column are each (the publications listed in this hereby incorporated by hereby incorporated by column are each hereby incorporated Therapeutic Protein X reference) reference) Biological Activity by reference) Preferred Indication Y BMP-1 GeneSeq WO8800205 BMP1 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-1 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Acession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known and Bone Growth, and P80618 morphogenic proteins induce cartilage and in the art: Nat Genet. 2001 Diabetes bone formation, play important role in January; 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem nephrogesis, and play an important role in 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol the development of many organs, including Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- lung, heart, teeth, gut, skin, and 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, particularly the kidney. B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-2 GeneSeq WO8800205 BMP-2 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-2 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and P80619 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897-10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-2B GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. BMP-2b belongs to the transforming growth BMP-2b activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession 5,631,142 factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and W24850 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; I Biol Cbcre, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897-10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-4 GeneSeq WO0020591 BMP-4 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-4 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and B02796 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-5 GeneSeq WO0020591 BMP-5 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-5 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and B02797 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-6 GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. BMP-6 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-6 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession 5,187,076 factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and R32904 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. Osteo- GeneSeq WO973462 OP-1 belongs to the transforming growth OP-1 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue genic Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and Protein-1; W34783 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January, Diabetes OP-1; formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 BMP-7 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. Osteo- GeneSeq WO9406399 OP-2 belongs to the transforming growth OP-2 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue genic Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and Protein-2 R57973 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. GDP-1 GeneSeq WO9406449 Members of the TGF-beta The effect of GDF-1 on signaling Developmental disorders, Accession family of proteins can be assayed by treating Primary Induction of Cartilage, Tissue R60961 initiate cell signaling by binding to BAECs transferred with a construct and Bone Growth, and heteromeric receptor complexes of type I called p3TP-Lux, containing a TGF- Diabetes (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) beta responsive promoter fused to a serine/threonine kinase receptors (reviewed reporter gene, and measuring by Massague, J. et al. (1994) Trends Cell luciferase gene expression (Wrana et Biol. 4: 172 178; Miyazono, K. et al. (1994) al, 1994, Nature 370: 341-347). Adv. Immunol. 55: 181-220). Activation of this heteromeric receptor complex occurs when TGF-beta binds to TbetaRII, which then recruits and phosphorylates TbetaRI. Activated TbetaRI then propagates the signal to downstream targets (Chen, F. and Weinberg, R. A. (1995) PNA892: 1565-1569; Wrana, J. L. et al. (1994) Nature 370: 341 347). BMP-9 GeneSeq WO9533830 BMP-9 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-9 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and R86903 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-10 GeneSeq WO9426893 BMP-10 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-10 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and R66202 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-12 GeneSeq WO9516035 BMP-12 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-12 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and R78734 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-15 GeneSeq W09636710 BMP-15 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-15 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and W11261 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-17 GeneSeq WO9929718 BMP-17 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-17 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and Y17870 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP-18 GeneSeq WO9929718 BMP-18 belongs to the transforming growth BMP-18 activity can be determined Induction of Cartilage, Tissue Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone using the following assays known in and Bone Growth, and Y17871 morphogenic protein induces bone the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; Diabetes formation. 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. Inhibin GeneSeq WO0020591 The inhibin beta A subunit joins the alpha Tumor suppressor activity of inhibin Tumor suppression. alpha Accession subunit to form a pituitary FSH secretion can be determined using assays B02806 inhibitor. Inhibin has been shown to known in the art: Matzuk et al., regulate gonadal stromal cell proliferation Nature 1992 Nov. 26: 360 negatively and to have tumour-suppressor (6402); 313-9. activity. In addition, serum levels of inhibin have been shown to reflect the size of granulosa-cell tumors and can therefore be used as a marker for primary as well as recurrent disease. Inhibin GeneSeq WO0020591 The inhibin beta A subunit joins the alpha Tumor suppressor activity of inhibin Tumor suppression. beta Accession subunit to form a pituitary FSH secretion can be determined using assays H02808 inhibitor. Inhibin has been shown to known in the art: Matzuk et al., regulate gonadal stromal cell proliferation Nature 1992 Nov. 26: 360 negatively and to have tumour-suppressor (6402); 313-9. activity. In addition, serum levels of inhibin have been shown to reflect the size of granulosa-cell tumors and can therefore be used as a marker for primary as well as recurrent disease. Cerebus GeneSeq WO9849296 Cerebus is believed to be involved in the BMP activity, in the presence of the BMP Antagonist useful for Protein Accession inhibition of BMP activity antagonist Cerebus, can be Osteosarcoma, abnormal bone W86032 determined using the following growth. assays known in the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295- 302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897-10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. Soluble GeneSeq WO9614579 Soluble BMP receptor kinase protein-3 is BMP activity, in the presence of the BMP Antagonist useful for BMP Accession involved in the binding of BMPs. Soluble soluble antagonist BMP receptor Osteosarcoma, abnormal bone Receptor R95227 BMP receptor kinase protein-3 is useful as kinase protein-3, can be determined growth. Kinase an antagonist for the inhibition of BMP using the following assays known in Protein-3 activity. the art: Nat Genet. 2001 January; 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897- 10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. BMP GeneSeq WO9741250 BMPs belong to the transforming growth BMP activity, in the presence of the Bone formation or Pro- Accession factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone Furin, can be determined using the Regeneration Abnormalities cessing W36099 morphogenic protein induces bone following assays known in the art: Enzyme formation. Nat Genet. 2001 January; 27(1): 84-8; Furin Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 10897-10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594. TGF- GeneSeq WO9216228 Members of the TGF-beta The effect of TGF betas on signaling Useful for treating cancer and beta 1 Accession family of proteins can be assayed by treating Primary to promote wound healing. R29657 initiate cell signaling by binding to BAECs transfected with a construct heteromeric receptor complexes of type I called p3TP-Lux, containing a TGF- (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) beta responsive promoter fused to a serine/threonine kinase receptors (reviewed reporter gene, and measuring by Massague, J. et al. (1994) Trends Cell luciferase gene expression (Wrana et Biol. 4: 172 178; Miyazono, K. et al. (1994) al., 1994, Nature 370: 341-347). Adv. Immunol. 55: 181-220). Activation of this heteromeric receptor complex occurs when TGF-beta. binds to TbetaRII, which then recruits and phosphorylates TbetaRI. Activated TbetaRI then propagates the signal to downstream targets (Chen, F. and Weinberg. R. A. (1995) PNA892: 1565-1569; Wrana, J. L. et al. (1994) Nature 370: 341. TGF- GeneSeq EP542679 Members of the TGF-beta The effect of TGF betas on signaling Useful for treating cancer and beta 2 Accession family of proteins can be assayed by treating Primary to promote wound healing. R39659 initiate cell signaling by binding to BAECs transfected with a construct heteromeric receptor complexes of type I called p3TP-Lux, containing a TGF- (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) beta responsive promoter fused to a serine/threonine kinase receptors (reviewed reporter gene, and measuring by Massague, J. et al. (1994) Trends Cell luciferase gene expression (Wrana et Biol. 4: 172 178; Miyazono, K. et al. (1994) al., 1994, Nature 370: 341-347). Adv. Immunol. 55: 181-220). Activation of this heteromeric receptor complex occurs when TGF-beta. binds to TbetaRII, which then recruits and phosphorylates TbetaRI. Activated TbetaRI then propagates the signal to downstream targets (Chen, F. and Weinberg. R. A. (1995) PNA892: 1565-1569; Wrana, J. L. et al. (1994) Nature 370: 341. ZTGF- GeneSeq WO0015798 Members of the TGF-beta The effect of TGF betas on signaling Useful for treating cancer and beta 9 Accession family of proteins can be assayed by treating Primary to promote wound healing. Y70654 initiate cell signaling by binding to BAECs transfected with a construct heteromeric receptor complexes of type I called p3TP-Lux, containing a TGF- (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) beta responsive promoter fused to a serine/threonine kinase receptors (reviewed reporter gene, and measuring by Massague, J. et al. (1994) Trends Cell luciferase gene expression (Wrana et Biol. 4: 172 178; Miyazono, K. et al. (1994) al., 1994, Nature 370: 341-347). Adv. Immunol. 55: 181-220). Activation of this heteromeric receptor complex occurs when TGF-beta. binds to TbetaRII, which then recruits and phosphorylates TbetaRI. Activated TbetaRI then propagates the signal to downstream targets (Chen, F. and Weinberg. R. A. (1995) PNA892: 1565-1569; Wrana, J. L. et al. (1994) Nature 370: 341. Anti-TGF GB2305921 Members of the TGF-beta The effect of TGF betas on signaling Useful for control of fibrosis, beta family of proteins in the presence of an anti-TGF beta immune, and inflammatory family initiate cell signaling by binding to antibody, can be assayed by treating disease. anti- heteromeric receptor complexes of type I Primary BAECs transfected with a bodies (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) construct called p3TP-Lux, serine/threonine kinase receptors (reviewed containing a TGF-beta responsive by Massague, J. et al. (1994) Trends Cell promoter fused to a reporter Biol. 4: 172 178; Miyazono, K. et al. (1994) gene, and measuring luciferase gene Adv. Immunol. 55: 181-220). Activation of expression (Wrana et al., 1994, this heteromeric receptor complex occurs Nature 370: 341-347). when TGF-beta. binds to TbetaRII, which then recruits and phosphorylates TbetaRI. Activated TbetaRI then propagates the signal to downstream targets (Chen, F. and Weinberg. R. A. (1995) PNA892: 1565-1569; Wrana, J. L. et al. (1994) Nature 370: 341. Latent GeneSeq WO0012551 Members of the TGF-beta The effect of TGF betas on signaling Useful for inhibiting tissue or TGF beta Accession family of proteins in the presence of a TGF beta tumor growth. binding Y70552 initiate cell signaling by binding to binding protein, can be assayed by protein heteromeric receptor complexes of type I treating Primary BAECs transfected II (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) with a construct called p3TP-Lux, serine/threonine kinase receptors (reviewed containing a TGF-beta responsive by Massague, J. et al. (1994) Trends Cell promoter fused to a reporter gene, Biol. 4: 172 178; Miyazono, K. et al. (1994) and measuring luciferase gene Adv. Immunol 55: 181-220). Activation of expression (Wrana et al., 1994, this heteromeric receptor complex occurs Nature 370: 341-347). when TGF-beta. binds to TbetaRII, which then recruits and phosphorylates TbetaRI. Activated TbetaRI then propagates the signal to downstream targets (Chen, F. and Weinberg. R. A. (1995) PNA892: 1565-1569; Wrana, J. L. et al. (1994) Nature 370: 341. MP52 GeneSeq WO9741250 Members of the TGF-beta The effect of TGF betas on signaling Bone formation or Accession family of proteins can be assayed by treating Primary Regeneration Abnormalities W36100 initiate cell signaling by binding to BAECs transfected with a construct heteromeric receptor complexes of type I called p3TP-Lux, containing a TGF- (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) beta responsive promoter fused to a serine/threonine kinase receptors (reviewed reporter gene, and measuring by Massague, J. et al. (1994) Trends Cell luciferase gene expression (Wrana et Biol. 4: 172 178; Miyazono, K. et al. (1994) al., 1994, Nature 370: 341-347). Adv. Immunol. 55: 181-220). Activation of this heteromeric receptor complex occurs when TGF-beta. binds to TbetaRII, which then recruits and phosphorylates TbetaRI. Activated TbetaRI then propagates the signal to downstream targets (Chen, F. and Weinberg. R. A. (1995) PNA892: 1565-1569; Wrana, J. L. et al. (1994) Nature 370: 341. b57 GeneSeq WO9837195 BMPs are involved in the induction of bone BMP activity, in the presence of b57 BMP Antagonist useful for Protein Accession formation. Specific antagonists are useful is protein, can be determined using the Osteosarcoma, abnormal bone W69293 preventing this activity from occurring. following assays known in the art: growth. Nat Genet. 2001 January; 27(1): 84-8; Eur J Biochem 1996 Apr. 1; 237(1): 295-302; J Biol Chem, Vol. 274, Issue 16, 1089-10902, Apr. 16, 1999; and Hogan, B. L. M. (1996) Genes Deve. 10, 1580-1594. Resistin GeneSeq WO0064920 This gene belongs to the family defined by Ability of resistin to influence type Type II diabetes and Accession mouse FIZZ1 and FIZZ3/Resistin genes. The II diabetes can be determined using Syndrome X. W69293 characteristic feature of this family is the C- assays known in the art: Pontoglio terminal stretch of 10 cys residues with et al., J Clin Invest 1998 May 15; identical spacing. The mouse homolog of 101(10): 2215-22. this protein is secreted by adipocytes, may be the hormone potantially linking obesity to type II diabetes. Galectin-4 GeneSeq WO9703190 Galectins are a family of carbohydrate- Ability of Galectin-4 polypeptides Lactose intolerance. Accession binding proteins characterized by an affinity to bind lactose can be determined W11841 for beta-galactoside containing using assays known in the art: glycoconjugates. Wada, et al., J Biol Chem 1997 Feb. 28; 272(9): 6078-86. APM-I; GeneSeq W00026363 ACPR30 gene is exclusively expressed in Ability of ACRP30 polypeptides to Obesity, Metabolic disorders, ACRP-30; Accession adipose tissue. ACRP30 is thought to influence obesity and fat oxidation Lipid Metabolism; Hormone Famoxin Y71035 increase fatty acid oxidation by muscle can be determined using assays Secretion. tissue. known in the art: Fruebis et al., Proc Nat'l Acad Sci USA 2001 Feb. l3; 98(4): 2005-10. ACRP-30 GeneSeq WO0063376 ACPR30 gene is exclusively expressed in Ability of ACRP30 homologue Obesity, Metabolic disorders, Homologue; Accession adipose tissue. ACRP30 is thought to polypeptides to influence obesity Lipid Metabolism; Hormone Complement B30234 increase fatty acid oxidation by muscle and fat oxidation can be determined Secretion. Component tissue. using assays known in the art: Clq C Fruebis et al., Proc Nat'l Acad Sci USA 2001 Feb. 13; 98(4): 2005-10. Calpain-10a GeneSeq WO0023603 Calpain is believed to Ability of Calpain-10 to influence Diabetes mellitus; Regulation Accession play a role in insulin type II diabetes can be determined of Insulin secretory response; Y79567 secretion and insulin activity, and therefore using assays known in the art: Insulin mediated glucose may be useful in the treatment of type II Pontoglio et al., J Clin Invest 1998 transport disorders. diabetes. May 15; 101(10): 2215-22. Calpain-10b GeneSeq WO0023603 Calpain is believed to Ability of Calpain-10 to influence Diabetes mellitus; Regulation Accession play a role in insulin type II diabetes can be determined of Insulin secretory response; Y79568 secretion and insulin activity, and therefore using assays known in the art: Insulin mediated glucose may be useful in the treatment of type II Pontoglio et al., J Clin Invest 1998 transport disorders. diabetes. May 15; 101(10): 2215-22. Calpain-10c GeneSeq WO0023603 Calpain is believed to Ability of Calpain-10 to influence Diabetes mellitus; Regulation Accession play a role in insulin type II diabetes can be determined of Insulin secretory response; Y79569 secretion and insulin activity, and therefore using assays known in the art: Insulin mediated glucose may be useful in the treatment of type II Pontoglio et al., J Clin Invest 1998 transport disorders. diabetes. May 15; 101(10): 2215-22. PDGF-D GeneSeq WO0027879 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Proliferation assay using NR6R- Wound Healing; Atherosclermis. Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer Y71130 Res. 48: 4266). FasL GeneSeq WO9936079 Activities associated with apoptosis and Activity can be determined using Apoptosis-related disorders; Accession immune system functions. Apoptosis assays known in the art: Autoimmune disorders; Graft Y28594 Walczak et al. (1996) EMBOJ 16: v-Host disorders. 5386-5397. Chondro GeneSeq W00029579 Chondromodulin proteins are cartilage Ability of Chondromodulin-like Antianglogenic agent; modulin- Accession proteins thought to confer resistance to protein to inhibit vascularization Osteoblast proliferation like Y71262 anglogeneis, and thus are useful as anti- can be determined using assays stimulator; prevents protein angiogenic agents that may have utility in known in the art: Hirakie et al., vascularization of cartilage combating cancer. J Biol Chem 1997 Dec. 19; tissue; Useful to treat cancer. 272(51): 32419-26. Patched GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Patched is a tumour-suppressor Ability of soluble Patched to bind Receptor for Hedgehog Accession 5,837,538 receptor for Sonic hedgehog (shh), which to and inhibit the activities of shh cellular proliferation signaling W72969 is a protein that controls developmental can be determined using assays molecule. This receptor is patterning and growth. known in the art: Stone et al., useful as a means of Nature 1996 Nov. 14; preventing cellular 384(6605): 129-34. proliferation via the shh signaling pathway, thus useful for cancers. Patched-2 GeneSeq WO9953058 Patched is a tumour-suppressor Ability of soluble Patched to bind Receptor for Hedgehog Accession receptor for Sonic hedgehog (shh), which to and inhibit the activities of shh cellular proliferation signaling Y43261 is a protein that controls developmental can be determined using assays molecule. This receptor is patterning and growth. known in the art: Stone et al., useful as a means of Nature 1996 Nov. 14; preventing cellular 384(6605): 129-34. proliferation via the shh signaling pathway, thus useful for cancers. Maspin; GeneSeq WO9405804 Maspin is a member of the serpin family of The inhibitory effects cf Maspin Tumor suppressor which is Protease Accession serine protease inhibitors that is thought to and other protease inhibitors can be down-regulated in breast Inhibitor R50938 suppress tumor metastasis. assayed using methods known in cancers. The maspin protein 5 the art such as a labeled protease has tumour suppressing and substrate, for example, Universal invasion suppressing activity. Protease Substrate (casein, resorufin-labeled): Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Cat. No. 1080733. Endostatin GeneSeq WO0064946 Endostatin is believed to inhibit effects of The inhibitory effects of endostatin Anti-angiogenic activity. Accession capillary endothelial cell proliferation. can be assayed using assays Useful in the prevention and/or B28399 disclosed by Cao et al. (1996) J. treatment of cancers. Biol. Chem. 271 29461-29467. aFGF; GeneSeq EP298723 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and FGF-1 Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as P94037 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. bFGF; GeneSeq FR2642086 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and FGF-2 Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as R06685 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-3; GeneSeq WO9503831 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and INT-2 Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as R07824 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-4; GeneSeq WO9503831 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and HST-1; Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as HBGF-4 R07825 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-5 GeneSeq WO9730155 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as W22600 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-6; GeneSeq EP613946 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Heparin Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as binding R58555 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and secreted 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists trans- may be useful as anti-cancer forming agents factor-2 FGF-8 GeneSeq WO9524928 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as R80783 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-9; GeneSeq WO9503831 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Gila Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as activating R70822 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and factor 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-12; GeneSeq WO9635708 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Fibroblast Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as growth W06309 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and factor 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists homologous may be useful as anti-cancer factor-1 agents. FGF-15 GeneSeq WO9927100 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as Y08582 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-16 GeneSeq WO9918128 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as Y05474 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. FGF-18 GeneSeq WO9927100 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Promotion of growth and Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer proliferation of cells, such as Y08590 Res. 48: 4266); Examples 23 and epithelial cells and 39 disclosed herein. keratinocytes. Antagonists may be useful as anti-cancer agents. fit-3 GeneSeq EP627487 Stem Cell Progenitor Chemokine activities can be Promotion of immune cell ligand Accession determined using assays known in growth and/or differentiation. R67541 the art: Methods in Molecular Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. Power. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ. VEGF-110 GeneSeq WO0013702 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y69417 of endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGB-121 GeneSeq WO0071713 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as B50432 of endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-138 GeneSeq WO9940197 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y43483 of endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-145 GeneSeq WO0013702 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y69413 of endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-162 GeneSeq W09940197 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y43484 of endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-165 GeneSeq WO0013702 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation of using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y69414 endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-182 GeneSeq W09940197 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation of using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y43483 endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-189 GeneSeq WO0013702 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation of using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y69415 endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-206 GeneSeq W00013702 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation of using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y69416 endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-D GeneSeq WO9807832 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Accession growth and/or proliferation of using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as W53240 endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF-E; GeneSeq W09947677 Promotes the VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and VEGF-X Accession growth and/or proliferation of using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y33679 endothelial cells. as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. VEGF GeneSeq WO9831794 Receptor for VEGF polypeptides VEGF activity, in the presence of VEGF Receptor. Fusion Receptor; Accession flk-1 polypeptides, can be protein with the extracellular KDR; W69679 determined using assays known in domain is useful as an anti- flk-1 the art, such as those disclosed in angiogenic agent. Antagonists International Publication No. may be useful in the promotion WO0045835, for example. of angiogenesis. Soluble GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Receptor for VEGF polypeptides VEGF activity, in the presence of VEGF Receptor. Fusion VEGF Accession 5,712,380 VEGF Receptor polypeptides, can protein with the extracellular Receptor W47037 be determined using assays known in domain is useful as an anti- the art, such as those disclosed in angiogenic agent. Antagonists International Publication No. may be useful in the promotion WO0045835, for example. of angiogenesis. flt-1 GeneSeq WO0021560 Receptor for VEGF polypeptides VEGF activity, in the presence of VEGF Receptor. Fusion Accession flt-1 polypeptides, can be protein with the extracellular Y70751 determined using assays known in domain is useful as an anti- the art, such as those disclosed in angiogenic agent. Antagonists International Publication No. may be useful in the promotion WO0045835, for example. of angiogenesis. VEGF R-3; GeneSeq WO0058511 Receptor for VEGF polypeptides VEGF activity, in the presence of VEGF Receptor. Fusion flt-4 Accession flt-4 polypeptides, can be protein with the extracellular B29047 determined using assays known in domain is useful as an anti- the art, such as those disclosed in angiogenic agent. Antagonists International Publication No. may be useful in the promotion WO0045835, for example. of angiogenesis. Neuro- GeneSeq WO9929858 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and pilin-1 Accession using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y06319 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. Neuro- GeneSeq WO9929858 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and pilin-2 Accession using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Y03618 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. Human GeneSeq W09730085 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis fast Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be twitch W22597 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in skeletal in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA muscle after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. troponin C Human GeneSeq W09730085 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis fast Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be twitch W18054 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in skeletal in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA muscle after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. troponin I Human fast GeneSeq W09730085 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis twitch Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be skeletal W22599 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in muscle in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA troponin T after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. fragment. GeneSeq W09719955 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis myo- Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be fibrillar W18053 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in protein in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA troponin I after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. myo- GeneSeq W09719955 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis fibrillar Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be protein W18054 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in troponin I in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. Troponin GeneSeq WO9933874 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis peptides Accessions thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be Y29581, may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in Y29582, in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Y29583, after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. Y29584, Y29585, and Y29586 Human fast GeneSeq WO0054770 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis twitch Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be skeletal B00134 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in muscle in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Troponin after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. subunit C Human fast GeneSeq WO0054770 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis twitch Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be skeletal B00135 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in muscle in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Troponin after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. subunit I Protein Human fast GeneSeq WO0054770 Troponins are contractile proteins that are Ability of soluble Troponins to Anti-angiogenesis twitch Accession thought to inhibit angiogenesis. High levels inhibit anglogenesis can be skeletal B00136 may contribute to the difficulty encountered determined using assays known in muscle in revascularizing the ischemic myocardium the art: . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Troponin after cardiovascular injury. 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. subunit T Activator GeneSeq WO9013648 PAIs are believed to play a role Methods that measure plasminogen Anti-angiogenesis; blood- In- Accession in cancer, and cardiovascular disease activator inhibitor (PA1) activity clotting disorders. hibitor-1; R08411 and blood-clotting disorders. are known in the art, for example, PAI-1 assay the ability of PA1 to inhibit tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase (uPA): J Biochem Biophys Methods 2000 Sep. 11; 45(2): 127-40, Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 41(2): 141-6. Methods that measure anti-angiogenesis activity are known in the art, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 Mar. l6; 96(6): 2645-50. Plasmin- GeneSeq DE3722673 PAIs are believed to play a role Methods that measure plasminogen Anti-angiogenesis; blood- ogen Accession in cancer, and cardiovascular disease activator inhibitor (PA1) activity clotting disorders. Activator P94160 and blood-clotting disorders. are known in the art, for example, In- assay the ability of PA1 to inhibit hibitor-2; tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) PAI-2 or urokinase (uPA): J Biochem Biophys Methods 2000 Sep. 11; 45(2): 127-40, Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 41(2): 141-6. Methods that measure anti-angiogenesis activity are known in the art, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 Mar. l6; 96(6): 2645-50. Activator GeneSeq WO9102057 PAIs are believed to play a role Methods that measure plasminogen Anti-angiogenesis; blood- In- Accession in cancer, and cardiovascular disease activator inhibitor (PA1) activity clotting disorders. hibitor-2; R10921 and blood-clotting are known in the art, for example, PAI-2 disorders. assay the ability of PA1 to inhibit tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase (uPA): J Biochem Biophys Methods 2000 Sep. 11; 45(2): 127-40, Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 41(2): 141-6. Methods that measure anti-angiogenesis activity are known in the art, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. Human GeneSeq WO9105048 PAIs are believed Methods that measure plasminogen Anti-angiogenesis; blood- PAI-1 Accessions to play a role in activator inhibitor (PA1) activity clotting disorders. mutants R11755, cancer, and cardio- are known in the art, for example, R11756, vascular disease assay the ability of PA1 to inhibit R11757, and blood-clotting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) R11758, disorders. or urokinase (uPA): J Biochem R11759, Biophys Methods 2000 Sep. 11; 45(2): R11760, 127-40, Breast Cancer Res R11761, Treat 1996; 41(2): 141-6. Methods R11762 that measure anti-angiogenesis and activity are known in the art, for R11763 example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 Mar. 16; 96(6): 2645-50. CXCR3; GeneSeq WO0018431 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble CXCR3 polypeptides CXC Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in may be useful for inhibiting Y79372 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine activities and viral ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Modified GeneSeq WO9737005 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Rantes Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in W38129 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. RANTES GeneSeq EP905240 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Y05299 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. MCI-1a GeneSeq WO9509232 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in R73914 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. MCP-1b GeneSeq WO9929728 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Y26176 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. MCP-1 GeneSeq WO9519436 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble MCP-1 Receptor receptor Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for R79165 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular inhibiting chemokine activities ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: and viral infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. MCP-3 GeneSeq W09509232 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in R73915 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. MCP-4 GeneSeq W09809171 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble MCP-4 Receptor receptor Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for W56689 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular inhibiting chemokine activities ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: and viral infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. RANTES GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble RANTES Receptor receptor Accession 5,652,133 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for W29588 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular inhibiting chemokine activities ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: and viral infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. CCR5 GeneSeq WO9854317 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble CCR5 polypeptides variant Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in may be useful for inhibiting W88238 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine activities and viral ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. CCR7 GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble CCR7 polypeptides Accession 6,153,441 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in may be useful for inhibiting B50859 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine activities and viral ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. CXC3 GeneSeq WO9727299 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in W23345 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Eotaxin GeneSeq WO9700960 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in W10099 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Neuro- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Neurotactin may play a role in chemotactic Chemotactic leukocyte migration Immune disorders. tactin Accessions 6,013,257 leukocyte migration and brain inflammation assays are known in the art, for Y77537, WO9742224 processes. example: J. Immunol. Methods 33, W34307, ((1980)); Nature 1997 Jun. 5; Y53259, 387(6633): 611-7. and, Y77539 Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. CKbeta-9 Accession 6,153,441 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in B50860 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Lympho- GeneSeq WO0073320 Chemokines are a family of related chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. tactin Accession small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in B50052 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Biology, 2000, vol. 138: leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G. MIP-3 GeneSeq WO9801557 Chemokines are a family of related chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. alpha Accession small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in W44398 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Biology, 2000, vol. 138: leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G. MIP-3 GeneSeq WO9801557 Chemokines are a family of related Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. beta Accession small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in W44399 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Biology, 2000, vol. 138: leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G. MIP-Gamma GeneSeq WO9504158 Chemokines are a family of related Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in R70798 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Biology, 2000, vol. 138: leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G. Stem Cell GeneSeq WO9104274 Chemokines are a family of related Chemokine activities can be Hematopoietic growth factors. Inhib- Accession small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in itory R11553 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular Factor hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Biology, 2000, vol. 138: leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G. thrombo- GeneSeq WO9521920 Thrombopoietin is involved in the Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Hematopoietic growth factors. poietin Accession regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of R79905 differentiation of growth and differentiation of megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. c-kit GeneSeq EP992579 and C-kit ligan is thought to stimulate the Chemokine activities can be Hematopoietic growth factors. ligand; Accession EP676470 proliferation of mast cells, and is able to determined using assays known in SCF; Mast Y53284, augment the proliferation of both myeloid the art: Methods in Molecular cell R83978 and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitors in Biology, 2000, vol. 138: growth and bone marrow culture. C-kit ligand is also Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: factor; R83977 though to act synergistically with other A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, MGF; cytokines. and C. A. Power. Humana Press Fibro- Inc., Totowa, NJ. sarcoma- derived stem cell factor Platelet GeneSeq WO0066736 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and derived Accession using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as growth B48653 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. factor Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. Melanoma GeneSeq WO9503328 Melanoma inhibiting protein has melanoma- Tumor suppressor activity of Cancer; melanoma inhibiting Accession inhibiting activity and can be used to treat melanoma inhibiting protein can be protein R69811 cancer (melanoma, glioblastoma, determined using assays known in neuroblastoma, small cell lung cancer, the art: Matzuk et al., Nature 1992 neuroectodermal tumors) or as an Nov. 26; 360(6402): 313-9. immunosuppressant (it inhibits IL-2 or phytohaemagglutinin induced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Glioma- GeneSeq EP399816 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and derived Accession using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as growth R08120 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. factor Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. Platelet GeneSeq EP682110 Vascular VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and derived Accession Endothelial using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as growth R84759 Growth Factor as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. factor Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as pre- example. anti-angiogenic agents, and cursor A may be applicable for cancer. Platelet GeneSeq EP682110 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and derived Accession using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as growth R84760 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. factor Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as pre- example. anti-angiogenic agents, and cursor B may be applicable for cancer. Platelet GeneSeq EP282317 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and derived Accession using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as growth P80595 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. factor and Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as Bv-sis P80596 example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. Placental GeneSeq WO9206194 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Growth Accessions using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Factor R23059 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. and Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as R23060 example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. Placental GeneSeq DE19748734 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Growth Accession using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Factor-2 Y08289 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as example. anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer. Thrombo- GeneSeq WO0000612 Thrombopoietin is involved Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Thrombocytopenia, cancer. poietin Accession in the regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of deriv- Y77244 differentiation of growth and differentiation of ative1 megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. Thrombo- GeneSeq WO0000612 Thrombopoietin is involved Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Thrombocytopenia, cancer. poietin Accession in the regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of deriv- Y77255 differentiation of growth and differentiation of ative2 megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. Thrombo- GeneSeq WO0000612 Thrombopoietin is involved Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Thrombocytopenia, cancer. poietin Accession in the regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of deriv- Y77262 differentiation of growth and differentiation of ative3 megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. Thrombo- GeneSeq WO0000612 Thrombopoietin is involved Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Thrombocytopenia, cancer. poietin Accession in the regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of deriv- Y77267 differentiation of growth and differentiation of ative4 megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. Thrombo- GeneSeq WO0000612 Thrombopoietin is involved Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Thrombocytopenia, cancer. poietin Accession in the regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of deriv- Y77246 differentiation of growth and differentiation of ative5 megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. Thrombo- GeneSeq WO0000612 Thrombopoietin is involved Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Thrombocytopenia, cancer. poietin Accession in the regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of deriv- Y77253 differentiation of growth and differentiation of ative6 megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. Thrombo- GeneSeq WO0000612 Thrombopoietin is involved Thrombopoietin (TPO) can be Thrombocytopenia, cancer. poietin Accession in the regulation of the growth and assayed to determine regulation of deriv- Y77256 differentiation of growth and differentiation of ative7 megakaryocytes and preceptors thereof. megakaryocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001 Apr.; 21(8): 2659-70; Exp Hematol 2001 January; 29(1): 51-8 and within. Fract- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Fractalkine is believed to play a role in Fractalkine activity can be Immune disorders. alkine Accession 6,043,086 chemotactic leukocyte migration and determined using Chemotactic Y53255 neurological disorders. leukocyte migration assays known in the art, for example: J. Immunol. Methods 33, ((1980)); Nature 1997 Jun. 5; 387(6633): 611- 7. CXC3 GeneSeq WO9757599 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders. Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in W23345 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. CCR7 GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble CCR7 polypeptides Accession 6,153,441 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in may be useful for inhibiting B50859 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine activities and viral ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ. rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Nerve GeneSeq EP414151 Nerve Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R- Neurological disorders, cancer Growth Accession 3T3 cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer Factor- R11474 Res. 48: 4266) beta Nerve GeneSeq EP859056 Nerve Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R 3T3 Neurological disorders, cancer Growth Accession cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer Res. 48: Factor- W69725 4266 beta2 Neuro- GeneSeq WO9821234 Neurotrophins regulate neuronal Trk tyrosine kinase activation assays Neurological disorders, cancer trophin-3 Accession cell survival known in the art can be used to W8889 and synaptic plasticity. assay for neurotrophin activity, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 Mar. 13; 98(6): 3555-3560. Neuro- GeneSeq WO9325684 Neurotrophins regulate neuronal Trk tyrosine kinase activation assays Neurological disorders, cancer trophin-3 Accession cell survival known in the art can be used to R47100 and synaptic plasticity. assay for neurotrophin activity, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 Mar. 13; 98(6): 3555-3560. Neuro- GeneSeq WO9325684 Neurotrophins regulate neuronal Trk tyrosine kinase activation assays Neurological disorders, cancer trophin-4a Accession cell survival known in the art can be used to R47101 and synaptic plasticity. assay for neurotrophin activity, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 Mar. 13; 98(6): 3555-3560. 13; 98(6): 3555-3560 Neuro- GeneSeq WO9325684 Neurotrophins regulate neuronal Trk tyrosine kinase activation assays Neurological disorders, cancer trophin-4b Accession cell survival and synaptic known in the art can be used to R47102 plasticity, tyrosine kinases. assay for neurotrophin activity, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 Mar. 13; 98(6): 3555-3560. Neuro- GeneSeq WO9325684 Neurotrophins regulate neuronal Trk tyrosine kinase activation assays Neurological disorders, cancer trophin-4c Accession cell survival and synaptic known in the art can be used to R47103 plasticity, tyrosine kinases. assay for neurotrophin activity, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 Mar. 13; 98(6): 3555-3560. Neuro- GeneSeq WO9325684 Neurotrophins regulate neuronal Trk tyrosine kinase activation assays Neurological disorders, cancer trophin-4d Accession cell survival and synaptic known in the art can be used to R47102 plasticity, tyrosine kinases. assay for neurotrophin activity, for example, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 Mar. 13; 98(6): 3555-3560. Platelet- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Derived Accession 5,219,739 using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Growth R38918 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Factor Publication No. W00045835, for Hematopoietic and immune A chain example. disorders. Antagonists may be useful as anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer Platelet- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Derived Accession 5,219,739 using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as Growth R38919 as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Factor Publication No. W00045835, for Hematopoietic and immune B chain example. disorders. Antagonists may be useful as anti-angiogenic agents, and may be applicable for cancer Stromal GeneSeq WO9948528 Stromal Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R-3T3 Hematopoietic, immune Derived Accession cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer Res. 48: disorders, cancer Factor-1 Y39995 4266) alpha Stromal GeneSeq CA2117953 Stromal Growth Factor Proliferation assay using NR6R-3T3 Hematopoietic, immune Derived Accession cells (Rizzino 1988 Cancer Res. 48: disorders, cancer Factor-1 R75420 4266) beta Tarc GeneSeq WO9711969 Chemotactic for T lymphocytes. May Chemotactic leukocyte migration Antiinflammatory. Immune Accession play a role in T-cell development. assays are known in the art, for disorders, cancer W14917 Thought to bind CCR8 and CCR4 example: J. Immunol. Methods 33 ((1980)) Pro- GeneSeq WO9521625 Prolactin is involved in immune cell Immune coil proliferation and Reproductive system lactin Accession proliferation and apoptosis. suppression of apoptosis by disorders, cancer. R78691 prolactin can be assayed by methods well-known in the art, for example, Buckley, AR and Buckley DJ, Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 917: 522-33, and within. Pro- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Prolactin is involved in immune cell Immune coil proliferation and Reproductive system lactin2 Accession 5,955,346 proliferation and apoptosis. suppression of apoptosis by disorders, cancer. Y31764 prolactin can be assayed by methods well-known in the art, for example, Buckley, AR and Buckley DJ, Ann NY Acad Sci 2000; 917: 522-33, and within. Follicle GeneSeq EP974359 FSH stimulates secretion of interleukin-1 by FSH activities can be determined Reproductive system stimu- Accession cells isolated from women in the follicular using assays known in the art; J disorders, cancer. lating Y54160 phase Gend Specif Med 1999 Nov.- hormone Dec.; 2(6): 30-4; Mol Cell Alpha Endocrinol. 1997 Nov. l5; subunit 134(2): 109-18. Follicle GeneSeq EP974359 FSH stimulates secretion of interleukin-1 by FSH activities can be determined Reproductive system stimu- Accession cells isolated from women in the follicular using assays known in the art; J disorders, cancer. lating Y54161 phase Gend Specif Med 1999 Nov.- hormone Dec.; 2(6): 30-4; Mol Cell Beta Endocrinol. 1997 Nov. l5; subunit 134(2): 109-18. Sub- GeneSeq WO0054053 Substance P is associated with Immuneregulation and bone diabetes mellitus, stance P Accession immunoregulation. marrow, cell proliferation by hypertension, cancer (tachy- B23027 substance P can be assayed by kinin) methods well-known in the art, for example, Lai et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 Mar. 27; 98(7): 3970- 5; Jallat-Daloz et al. Allergy Asthma Proc 2001 Jan.-Feb.; 22(1): 17-23; Kahler et al. Exp Lung Res 2001 Jan.-Feb.; 27(1): 25-46; and Adamus M A and Dabrowski Z J. J Cell Biochem 2001; 81(3)499-506. Ocytocin GeneSeq WO0053755 Oxytocin is involved in the induction of Oxytocin and prostaglandin E(2) inflammatory disorders (Neuro- Accession prostaglandin (E2) release as well as an release and Ocytocin (Ca2+) immunologic disorders, cancer physin I) B24085 increased amount of calcium release by increase can be assayed by methods and smooth muscle cells. well-known in the art, for example, B24086 Pavan et al., AM J Obset Gynecol 2000 Jul.; 183(1): 76-82 and Holdaet al., Cell Calcium 1996 Jul.; 20(1): 43 51. Vaso- GeneSeq WO0053755 Vasopressinis believed to have a direct Vasopressin activity can be inflammatory disorders pressin Accession antidiuretic action on the kidney, and it is determined using assays known in immunologic disorders, cancer (Neuro- B24085 thought to cause vasoconstriction of the the art, for example, Endocr Regul physin and peripheral vessels. 1996 Mar.; 30(1): 13-17. II) B24086 IL-1 GeneSeq EP165654 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic P60326 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarclio (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-1- GeneSeq EP456332 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, mature Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R14855 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al, in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarclio (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-1 GeneSeq WO9922763 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, beta Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic Y08322 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarclio (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-3 GeneSeq WO8806161 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, variants Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic P80382, cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer P80383, monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A P80384, functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., and proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. P80381 T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1989) J Cell Physiol. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 140 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-4 GeneSeq WO8702990 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic P70615 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-4 GeneSeq WO9747744 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, muteins Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic W52151 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer W52152 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A W52153 functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., W52154 proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. W52155 T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & W52156 and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol W52157 of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. W52158 and/or inhibition of interferons. W52159 W52160 W52161 W52162 W52163 W52164 and W52165 IL-1 GeneSeq EP324447 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, alpha Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic P90108 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-3 GeneSeq WO9307171 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, variants Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R38561, cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer R38562, monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A R38563, functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., R38564, proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. R38565, T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Aarden R38566, and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1987) Eur. J. Immunol 17, R38567, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 1411-16. R38568, and/or inhibition of interferons. R38569, R38570, R38571, and R38572 IL-6 GeneSeq WO9402512 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R45717 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer and monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A R45718 functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Aarden and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1987) Eur. J. Immunol 17, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 1411-16. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-13 GeneSeq WO9404680 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R48624 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Boutelier and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1995) J. Immunol. Methods of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 181, 29. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-4 GeneSeq DE4137333 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, mutein Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R47182 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-4 GeneSeq DE4137333 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, mutein Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic Y124X R47183 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-4 GeneSeq DE4137333 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, mutein Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic Y124G R47184 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9317698 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-10 R41664 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer (pre- monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A cursor) functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Thompson- and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Snipes et al (1991) J. Exp. Med. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 173, 507-510. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9318783-A Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-10 R42642 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Thompson- and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Snipes et al (1991) J. Exp. Med. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 173, 507-510. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP569042 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-1 R42447 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer beta monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A precursor. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Inter- GeneSeq EP578278 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, leukin- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic 1 alpha R45364 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq JP04063595 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-3 R22814 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer variant monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140 of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-1i GeneSeq EP541920 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, fragments Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R35484 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer and monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A R35485 functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Orencole & Dinarclio (1989) of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Cytokine 1, 14-20. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-1 GeneSeq EPS541920 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inhibitor Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic (IL-1i) R35486 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer and monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A R35484 functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Orencole & Dinarelio (1989) of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Cytokine 1, 14-20. and/or inhibition of interferons. ICE 22 kD GeneSeq EP533350 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, subunit. Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R33780 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. ICE 20 kD GeneSeq EP533350 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, subunit. Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R33781 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. ICE 10 kD GeneSeq EP533350 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, subunit Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R33782 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9317698 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-10 R41664 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer (precursor) monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Thompson- and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Snipes et al (1991) J. Exp. Med. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 173, 507-510. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9318783 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-10 R42642 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Thompson- and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Snipes et al (1991) J. Exp. Med. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 173, 507-510. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP569042 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-1 R42447 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer beta monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A precursor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140 of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9403492 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-6 R49041 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Aarden et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987) Eur. J. Immunol 17, 1411-16. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Mutant GeneSeq WO9411402 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin 6 R54990 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer S176R monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Aarden et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987) Eur. J. Immunol 17, 1411-16. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Inter- GeneSeq JP06145063 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, leukin 6 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R55256 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Aarden et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987) Eur. J. Immunol 17, 1411-16. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Inter- GeneSeq JP06100595 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-8 receptor leukin 8 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for (IL-8) R53932 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin activities. receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Holmes et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession 5,328,988 of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-7 R59919 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Park et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1990) J. Exp. Med. 171, 1073-79. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-3 GeneSeq WO9521254 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, containing Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic fusion R79342 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer protein. and monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A R79344 functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140 323- of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 334. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-3 GeneSeq ZA9402636 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, immunologic mutant Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in disorders, cancer proteins R79254, cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in R79255, monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A R79256, functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., R79257, proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. R79258, T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Giri et al R79259, and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1994) EMBO J. 13 2822-2830. R79260, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, R79261, and/or inhibition of interferons. R79262, R79263, R79264, R79265, R79266, R79267, R79268, R79269, R79270, R79271, R79272, R79273, R79274, R79275, R79276, R79277, R79278, R79279, R79280, R79281, R79282, R79283, R79284, and R79285 IL-12 p40 GeneSeq AU9466072 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, subunit. Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R63018 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. AGF GeneSeq WO9429344 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R64240 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9519786 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic laukin-12 R79187 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer 40 kD monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A subunit functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Hori et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987), Blood 70, 1069-1078. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9530695 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-8 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-15 R90843 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A activities. from functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., clone P1 proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Giri et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1994) EMBO J. 13 2822-2830. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9604306 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-7 R92796 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Park et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1990) J. Exp. Med. 171, 1073-79. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. inter- GeneSeq WO9604306 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, leukin-9 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R92797 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989) Blood 74, 1880-84. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. inter- GeneSeq WO9604306 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, leukin-3 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R92801 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140 of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9604306 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-5 R92802 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura and lymphocytes), chemotaxis et al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140 of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. Recomb- GeneSeq DEI9617202 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inant Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic inter- W33373 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer leukin-16 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Lim et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1996) J. Immunol. 156, 2566-70. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq DE19617202 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, IL-16 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic protein W33234 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Lim et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1996) J. Immunol. 156, 2566-70. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Thr1 17 GeneSeq WO9708321 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, human Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic inter- W27521 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer leukin 9 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Metl 17 GeneSeq WO9708321 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, human Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic inter- W27522 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer leukin 9 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989) Blood 74, 1880-84. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP86-4585 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, intra- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic cellular W77158 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer IL-1 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A receptor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., antagonist. proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP864585 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-18 W77158 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer protein monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A (IL-18) functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and USHIO et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1996) J. Immunol. 156, 4274-79. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP861663 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-18 W77077 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferens: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and USHIO et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1996) J. Immunol. 156, 4274-79. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP861663 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accessions of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin 18 W77083, cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer deriv- W77084, monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A atives W77085, functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., W77086, proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. W77087, T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Ushio et al W77088, and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1996) J. Immunol, 156, 4274-79. and of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, W77089 and/or inhibition of interferons. Inter- GeneSeq WO9827997 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, leukin-9 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic (IL-9) W68158 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer mature monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A protein functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., (Thr117 proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. version). T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989) Blood 74, 1880-84. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-9 mature GenSeq WO9827997 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, protein Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic variant W68157 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer (Metl17 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A version) functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989) Blood 74, 1880-84. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9824904 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, IL-9 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic receptor W64058 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer protein monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons. A variant #3. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989) Blood 74, 1880-84. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GenSeq WO9824904 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-9 receptor IL-9 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor W64060 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin protein monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. variant functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., fragment proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989) Blood 74, 1880-84. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9824904 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-9 receptor IL-9 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor W64061 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin protein monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons. A activities. variant #3. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989) Blood 74, 1880-84. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9817689 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-12 W51311 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer p40 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A protein functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Hori et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987), Blood 70, 1069-1078. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9817689 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-12 W51312 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer p35 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A protein functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Hori et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987), Blood 70, 1069-1078. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq DE19649233- Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, protein Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic with W63753 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer IL-16 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activity functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Lim et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1996) J. Immunol. 156, 2566-70. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq DE19649233- Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, protein Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic with W59425 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer IL-16 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activity functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Lim et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1996) J. Immunol. 156, 2566-70. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession 5,747,024 of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin- W53878 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer 15 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Giri et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1994) EMBO J. 13 2822-2830. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9747744 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, wild-type Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic inter- W52149 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer leukin-4 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A (hIL-4) functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., protein proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. and/or inhibition of interferons. inter- GeneSeq WO9747744 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, leukin-4 Accessions of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic muteins W52150, cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer W52151, monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A W52153, functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., W52154, proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. W52155, T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & W52156, and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol W52157, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. W52158, and/or inhibition of interferons. W52159, W52160, W52161, W52162, W52163, W52164, W52165, W52166, and W52167 Human GeneSeq WO9935268 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin 1 Y28408 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer delta monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9935268 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-1 Y24395 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A antagonist functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., beta proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9932632 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, EDIRF II Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic protein Y22199 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer sequence monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9932632 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, EDIRF I Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic protein Y22197 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer sequence monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9919480 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-1RD10 receptor IL-1RD10 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for protein Y14131 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin sequence monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons. A activites. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9919480 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-1RD10 receptor IL-1RD9 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for Y14122 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons A activites. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9919491 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, DNAX Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic inter- Y09196 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer leukin-40 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons. A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. (DIL-40) GeneSeq WO9919491 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, alternative Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic sequence Y09197 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-11 GeneSeq WO9405318 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R50176 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Lu et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1994) J immunol. Methods 173, 19. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP566410 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, adipo- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic genesis R43260 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer inhibitory monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A factor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-11 GeneSeq JP08127539 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic W02202 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Lu et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1994) J immunol. Methods 173, 19. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-14 GeneSeq WO9416074 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R55800 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Ambrus et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1993) PNAS 90, 63330-34. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-17 GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-17 receptor receptor Accession 6,072,033 of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for B03807 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yao et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1995) J. Immunol. 155, 5483-86. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-17 GeneSeq WO9518826 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R76573 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yao et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1995) J. Immunol. 155, 5483-86. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. CTLA-8 GeneSeq WO9704097 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic W13651 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-19 GeneSeq WO9808870 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic W37935 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Gallagher et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (2000) Genes Immun. 1, 442-50. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-21 GeneSeq WO0024758 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be inflammatory disorders, (TIF) Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic Y92879 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Parrish- and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Novak et al (2000) Nature 408, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 57-63. and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-8 GeneSeq WO9306229 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-8 receptor receptor Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for R33420 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Holmes et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1991) Science 253, 1278-80.. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble type II interleukin-1 type II Accession 5,464,937 of multifunctional determined using assays known in receptor polypeptides may be inter- R85480 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in useful for inhibiting leukin-1 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A interleukin receptor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., activities. proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14-20. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP638644 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-12 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-12 R69632 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons. A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Hori et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987), Blood 70, 1069-1078. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Inter- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-8 receptor B leukin 8 Accession 5,440,021 of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor R80758 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin activities. B monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Holmes et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq JP08103276 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-8 receptor A IL-8 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor B09989 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin protein monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. hIL8RA functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Holmes et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq JP08103276 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-8 receptor IL-8 Accession of multifunctional determined using asays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor B09990 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin protein monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. hIL8R functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Holmes et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Inter- GeneSeq WO9621732- Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-2 receptor leukin-2 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor R97569 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin associated monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. protein functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., p43 proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Gillis et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1978) J. Immunol. 120, 2027. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9629408 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-17 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-17 W04185 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yao et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1995) J. Immunol. 155, 5483-86. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9619574 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-11 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-11 R99090 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Lu et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1994) J immunol. Methods 173, 19. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9623067 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Inflammatory disorders, inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic leukin-1 W01911 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A accessory functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., protein proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14- of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 20. and/or inhibition of interferons. AGF GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Inflammatory disorders, Protein Accession 5,488,032 of multifunctional determined using assays known in immunologic R92749 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in disorders, cancer monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq W09607739 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-type-3 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-1 R91064 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin type-3 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities receptor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Orencole & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Dinarello (1989) Cytokine 1, 14- of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 20. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9720926 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-13 beta receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-13 W24972 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin beta monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons A activities. receptor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Boutelier et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (1995) J. Immunol. Methods of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 181, 29. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9720926 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-13 alpha receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-13 W24973 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin alpha monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. receptor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Boutelier et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (1995) J. Immunol. Methods of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 181, 29. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-4 receptor inter- Accession 5,599,905 of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-4 W13499 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Siegel & and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Mostowski (1990) J Immunol of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, Methods 132, 287-295. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP759466 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-12 beta-2 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-12 W12771 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin beta-2 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. receptor functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Hori et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987), Blood 70, 1069-1078. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP759466 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-12 beta-1 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-12 W12772 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin beta-1 monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. receptor. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Hori et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1987), Blood 70, 1069-1078. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human IL-9 GeneSeq WO9824904 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-9 receptor receptor Accessions of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for protein W64055, cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin W64056, monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. and functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., W64057 proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yang et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1989), Blood 74, 1880-84.. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-10 GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-10 receptor receptor Accession 5,716,804 of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for W41804 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Thompson- and lymphocytes), chemotaxis Snipes et al (1991) J. Exp. Med. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 173, 507-510. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human IL-6 GeneSeq JP11196867 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-6 receptor receptor Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for Y30938 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Aarden et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al(1987) Eur. J. Immunol 17, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 1411-16. and/or inhibition of interferons. Il-17 GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-17 receptor receptor Accession 6,096,305 of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for Y97181 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yao et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1995) J. Immunol. 155, 5483-86. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Il-17 GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-17 receptor receptor Accession 6,100,235 of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for Y97131 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Yao et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1995) J. Immunol. 155, 5483-86. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP509826 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-3 receptor inter- Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for leukin-3 R25300 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin receptor monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140 of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq WO9102063 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble GM-CSF receptor GM-CSF Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor R10919 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq EP492214 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-5 receptor alpha IL-5 Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for receptor R25064 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin alpha monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. chain functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. Il-5 GeneSeq WO9847923 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-5 receptor receptor Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for W82842 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Kitamura et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (1989) J Cell Physiol. 140, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 323-334. and/or inhibition of interferons. Il-6 GeneSeq JP05091892 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-6 receptor receptor Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for R37215 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Aarden et and lymphocytes), chemotaxis al (1987) Eur. J. Immunol 17, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 1411-16. and/or inhibition of interferons. Human GeneSeq AU8928720 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble B cell stimulating B cell Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in factor-2 receptor polypeptides stimu- P90525 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in may be useful for inhibiting lating monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A interleukin activities. factor-2 functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., receptor proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225. and lymphocytes), chemotaxis of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. IL-7 GeneSeq EP403114 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-7 receptor receptor Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for clone R08330 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons. A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Park et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1990) J. Exp. Med. 171, of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, 1073-79. and/or inhibition of interferons. EPO GeneSeq WO9008822 EPO Receptor is involved in the EPO Receptor activity can be Inflammatory disorders, receptor; Accession proliferation and differentiation of determined using assays known in immunologic disorders, EPOR R06512 erythroblasts. the art, such as, J Biol Chem 2001 cancer, erythroblast Mar. 23; 276(12: 8995-9002; JAK2 proliferation and protein tyrosine kinase activity: differentiation Blood 1994 Sep. 1; 84(5): 1501-7 and Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Oct.; 14(10: 6506-14. IL-15 GeneSeq WO9530695 Interleukins are a group Interleukin activity can be Soluble IL-15 receptor receptor Accession of multifunctional determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for R90843 cytokines synthesized by lymphocytes, the art: Matthews et al., in inhibiting interleukin monocytes, and macrophages. Known Lymphokines and Interferons: A activities. functions include stimulating Practical Approach, Clemens et al., proliferation of immune cells (e.g., eds, IRL Press, Washington, D.C. T helper cells, B cells, eosinophils, 1987, pp. 221-225; and Giri et al and lymphocytes), chemotaxis (1994) EMBO J. 13 2822-2830. of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, and/or inhibition of interferons. CD137; GeneSeq WO9507984 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble 4-1BB receptor 4-1BB Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- polypeptides may be useful for Receptor R70977 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined inhibiting apoptosis, NF-kB Protein using assays known in the art: activation, and/or co- Moore et al, 1999, Science, 285(5425): stimulation of immune cells 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 such as B and T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. BCMA GeneSeq WO0068378 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble BCMA receptor Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- polypeptides may be useful for Y71979 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined inhibiting apoptosis, NF-kB using assays known in the art: activation, and/or co- Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): stimulation of immune cells 260-3; Song H Y et al., such as B and T cells. 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. CD27 GeneSeq WO9201049 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble CD27 polypeptides Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- may be useful for inhibiting R20814 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined apoptosis, NF-kB activation, using assays known in the art: and/or co-stimulation of Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): immune cells such as B and T 260-3; Song H Y et al., cells. 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. CD30 GeneSeq DE4200043 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble CD30 polypeptides Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- may be useful for inhibiting R35478 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined apoptosis, NF-kB activation, using assays known in the art: and/or co-stimulation of Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): immune cells such as B and T 260-3; Song H Y et al., cells. 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. CD40 GeneSeq WO9945944 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble CD40 polypeptides Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell may be useful for inhibiting Y33499 cells such as T and B cells. co-stimulation can be determined apoptosis, NF-kB activation, using assays known in the art: and/or co-stimulation of Moore et al., 1999, Science immune cells such as B and T 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., cells. 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. EDAR Genbank Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Immune Disorders, Lymphomas, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- X-linked AAD50077 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using hypohidrotic ectodermal assays known in the art: Moore et dysplasia al, 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. OX40; GeneSeq WO9512673 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Immune Disorders, Lymphomas, ACT-4 Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- T cell disorders R74737 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. TACI GeneSeq WO9839361 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble TACI receptor Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- polypeptides may be useful for W75783 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using inhibiting apoptosis, NF-kB assays known in the art: Moore et activation, and/or co- al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; stimulation of immune cells Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl such as B and T cells. Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. TNF-R GeneSeq AU9058976 Activities associates with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble TNF-R receptor Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- polypeptides may be useful for R10986 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using inhibiting apoptosis, NF-kB assays known in the art: Moore et activation, and/or co- al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; stimulation of immune cells Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl such as B and T cells. Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. TNF-RII; GeneSeq EP418014 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble TNFR-II receptor TNF Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- polypeptides may be useful for p75 R11141 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using inhibiting apoptosis, NF-kB receptor; assays known in the art: Moore et activation, and/or co- Death al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; stimulation of immune cells Receptor Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl such as B and T cells. Acad Sci USA 94(18)9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. hAPO-4; GeneSeq WO9911791 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Immune Disorders, Cancers TROY Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- W93581 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. TNF-alpha GeneSeq EP205038 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, precursor Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic P60074 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. Human GeneSeq EP619372 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, TNF-alpha Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic R62463 cells such as T and B cells stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. Human GeneSeq EP563714 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, TNF-alpha Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic R42679 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al, 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. Human GeneSeq WO0064479 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, TNF-beta Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic (LT-alpha) B37799 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. LT-alpha GeneSeq EP250000 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic P70107 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. LT-beta GeneSeq WO9413808 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic R56869 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al, 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18)9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. OPGL GeneSeq WO9846751 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic W83195 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer, assays known in the art: Moore et loss of bone mass al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18)9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. FasL GeneSeq WO9903999 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic W98071 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore, et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18)9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. FasL GeneSeq WO9903998 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic W95041 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. CD27L GeneSeq WO9405691 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic R50121 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. CD30 GeneSeq WO9324135 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, ligand Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic R45007 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. CD40L GeneSeq WO9529935 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic R85486 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore, et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. 4-1BB GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, ligand Accession 5,674,704 activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic W26657 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al, 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. FAS GeneSeq WO0058465 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Soluble DcR3 polypeptides Ligand Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- may be useful for inhibiting Inhibitory B19335 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using apoptosis, NF-kB activation, Protein assays known in the art: Moore et and/or co-stimulation of (DcR3) al., 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; immune cells such as B and T Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl cells. Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods OX40L GeneSeq WO9521915 Activities associated with apoptosis, NF-kB Apoptosis activity, NF-kB Inflammatory disorders, Accession activation, and co-stimulation of immune activation, and B and T cell co- immunologic R79903 cells such as T and B cells. stimulation can be determined using disorders, cancer assays known in the art: Moore et al, 1999, Science, 285(5425): 260-3; Song H Y et al., 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(18): 9792-6; Epsevik and Nissen-Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. Methods. Protease GeneSeq WO9106561 Peptides that inhibit the HIV protease activities are known in HIV, inflammatory disorders, inhibitor Accessions function/binding of HIV the art: HIV protease assays: immunologic disorders, peptides R12435, EP0387231. One can modify the cancer, viral infections R12436, assay to look for inhibition using R12437, any of the disclosed protease R12438, inhibitor polypeptides. R12439, R12440, and R1244 Retro GeneSeq EP387231 Peptides that inhibit the HIV protease activities are known in HIV, inflammatory disorders, viral Accessions function/binding of HIV the art: HIV protease assays: immunologic disorders, protease R06660, EP0387231. One can modify the cancer, viral infections inhibitors R06661, assay to look for inhibition using R06662, any of the disclosed protease R06663, inhibitor polypeptides. R06664, R06665, R06666, R06667, R06668, R06669, R06670, R06671, R06672, R06673, R06674, R06675, and R06676 HIV GeneSeq WO9301828 Peptides that inhibit the HIV protease activities are known in the HIV, inflammatory disorders, protease Accessions function/binding of HIV art. HIV protease assays EP0387231. immunologic disorders, inhibiting R59293, One can modify the assay to look for cancer, viral infections peptides R59294, inhibition using any of the disclosed R59295, protease inhibitor polypeptides R59296, R59297, R59298, R59299, R592300, R59301, R59302, R59301, R59302, R59303, R59304, R59305, R59306, R59307, R59308, R59309, R59310, R59311, R59312, R59313, R59314, R59315, R59316, R59317 R59318, R59319, R59320, R59321, R59322, R59323, R59324, R59325, R59326, R59327, R59328, R59329, R59330, R59331, R59332, R59333, R59334, R59335, R59336, R59337, R59338, R59339, R59340, R59341, R59342, R59343, R59344, R59345, R59346, R59347, R59348, R59349, and R59350 HIV-1 GeneSeq DE4412174 Peptides that inhibit the HIV protease activities are known in the HIV, inflammatory disorders, protease Accessions function/binding of HIV art: HIV protease assays: EP0387231. immunologic disorders, hinibitors R86326, One can modify the assay to look for cancer, viral infections R86327, inhibition using any of the disclosed R86328, protease inhibitor polypeptides R86329, R86330, R86331, R86332, R86333, R86334, R86335, R86336, R86337, R86338, R86339, R86340, R86341, R86342, R86343, R86344, R86345, R86346, R86347, R86348, R86349, R86350, R86351, R86352, R86353, R86354, R86355, R86356, R86357, R86358, R86359, R86360, R86361, R86362, R86363, R86364, R86365, R86366, R86367, R86368, R86369, R86370, and R86371 HIV GeneSeq WO9959615 Peptides that inhibit the HIV protease activities are known in HIV, inflammatory disorders, Inhibitor Accession function/binding of HIV the art: HIV protease assays: immunologic disorders, Peptide Y89687 EP0387231. One can modify the cancer, viral infections assay to look for inhibition using any of the disclosed protease inhibitor polypeptides. HIV GenSeq WO9948513 Peptides that inhibit the HIV Protease activities are known HIV, inflammatory disorders, Inhibitor Accession function/binding of HIV in the art; HIV protease assays: immunologic disorders, Peptide Y31955 EP0387231. One can modify the cancer, viral infections assay to look for inhibition using any of the disclosed protease inhibitor polypeptides. HIV www.sciencex Peptides that inhibit the HIV protease activities are known HIV, inflammatory disorders, Inhibitor press.org; function/binding of HIV in the art: HIV protease assays: immunologic disorders, Peptide Published EP0387231. One can modify the cancer, viral infections online 12 assay to look for inhibition using Jan. 2001; any of the disclosed protease 10.1126/scienc inhibitor polypeptides. e.1057453 Human GeneSeq WO9509232 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, particularly monocyte Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in useful for treating bacterial chemo R73915 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular and/or viral menigitis attractant ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: factor angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by: hMCP-3 Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9509232 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, particularly monocyte Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in useful for treating bacterial chemo- R73914 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular and/or viral menigitis attractant ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: factor angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: hMCP-1 Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9429341 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, gro-beta Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory disorders, chemo- R66699 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular blood-related disorders, kine and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: stem cell transplantation, W17671 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: cancer Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9429341 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, gro- Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory disorders, gamma R66700 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular blood-related disorders, chemokine and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: stem cell transplantation, W17672 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: cancer Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9429341 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, gro-alpha Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory disorders, chemokine R66698 and involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular blood-related disorders, W18024 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: stem cell transplantation, angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: cancer Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9632481 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, particularly eosinophil- Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in treatment of eosinophilia, expressed W05186 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular inflammation, chemokine ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: allergies, asthma, leukaemia (EEC) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: and lymphoma Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assasys known in disorders, particularly protein R92318 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression PF4-414 and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Full- R99809 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Length Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press Mature including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly protein R99812 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression IL-8M3 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ; and Holmes et al rejection, viral infection, and tumor (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related inter- Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly leukin-8 R99814 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression (IL-8) ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ; and Holmes et al rejection, viral infection, and tumor (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly protein R99815 and involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression IL-8M1 R99803 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Full- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Length Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press Mature including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ; and Holmes et al rejection, viral infection, and tumor (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly protein R99816 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression. IL - 8M8 and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Full- R99805 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Length Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press Mature including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ; and Holmes et al rejection, viral infection, and tumor (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly protein R99817 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression. IL - 8M8 and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine Full- R99806 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Length Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. and similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press Inc., Mature including inflammation, allergy, tissue Totowa, NJ; and Holmes et al rejection, viral infection, and tumor (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly protein R99818 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression. IL - 8M8 and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine Full- R99804 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Length Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. and similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press Inc., Mature including inflammation, allergy, tissue Totowa, NJ; and Holmes et al rejection, viral infection, and tumor (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly protein R99819 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression. IL - 8M8 and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine Full- R99807 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Length Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. and similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press Mature including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemo- GeneSeq WO9613587 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and blood-related kine-like Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, particularly protein R99822 and involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular myelosuppression. IL - 8M8 R9807 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine Full- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Length Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. and similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press Mature including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9622374 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders foetal Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in spleen R98499 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular expressed ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine chemo- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. kine, Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. FSEC similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Liver GeneSeq WO9616979 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammation of the liver expressed Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assasys known in chemo- R95689 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular kine-1 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine (LVEC-1) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Liver GeneSeq WO9616979 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammation of the liver expressed Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assasys known in chemokine-2 R95690 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular (LVEC-2) ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Pituitary GeneSeq WO9616979 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammation, particularly of expressed Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assasys known in the liver chemokine R95691 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular (PGEC) ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Adenoid- GeneSeq WO9617868 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammation, angiogenesis, expressed Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assasys known in tumorigenesis, musculoskeletal chemokine R97664 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders (ADEC) ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9741230 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cell chemo- Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in migration, proliferation, and kine W38170 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular differentiation disorders CC-2 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138; angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc. Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9741230 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cell chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in migration, proliferation, and HCC-1 W38171 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular differentiation disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9741230 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cell chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in migration, proliferation and CC-3 W38172 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular differentiation disorders ranging from hematopiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and similarly diverse range of pathologies C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Novel GeneSeq WO9739126 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, vascular beta- Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, cancer chemokine W27271 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular designated ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: PTEC anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and similarly diverse range of pathologies C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9727299 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, inflammatory CX3C Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in diseases, abnormal 111 amino W23344 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular proliferation, acid ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: regeneration, degeneration, chemokine anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by and atrophy Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and similarly diverse range of pathologies C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9721812 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Abnormal physiology and CCF18 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in development disorders, can chemokine W25942 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular also be used as an anti-viral ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: agent anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and similarly diverse range of pathologies C. A. Power Humana including inflammation, allergy, tissue Press Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9725427 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Chemotaxis, blood-related beta- Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, viral infection, chemokine W26655 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular HIV, wound healing, cancer H1305 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: (MCP-2) anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. similarly diverse range of pathologies Wells, and C. A. Power including inflammation, allergy, tissue Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9712914 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammatory and immune eosino- Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders cyte CC W14990 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular type ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: chemokine anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by eotaxin Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. similarly diverse range of pathologies Wells, and C. A. Power including inflammation, allergy, tissue Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9711969 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammatory and immune thymus Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders and W14018 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular activation ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: regulated anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by cytokine Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. (TARC) similarly diverse range of pathologies Wells, and C. A. Power including inflammation, allergy, tissue Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9712041 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, wound healing, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in immune disorders beta- W16315 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in molecular 8 short ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: forms anglogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. similarly diverse range of pathologies Wells, and C. A. Power including inflammation, allergy, tissue Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Microphage GeneSeq WO9640923 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammatory diseases, wound derived Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in healin, angiogenesis chemokine, W20058 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular MDC ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. similarly diverse range of pathologies Wells, and C. A. Power including inflammation, allergy, tissue Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9844117 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammatory and chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in immune diseases ZSIG-35 W30565 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Primate GeneSeq WO98328658 Chemokines are a family of related Chemokine activities can be Immune and CC Accesssion small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in inflammatory chemokine W69990 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, abnormal “ILINCK” hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Biology, 2000, vol. 138: proliferation, regeneration, leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: generation A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. and atrophy disorders Wells, and C. A. Power Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ Primate GeneSeq WO9832858 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory CXC Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, abnormal chemokine W69989 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular proliferation, “IBICK” ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: regeneration, generation and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Editd by. atrophy disorders Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9831809 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune, inflammatory, and CC-type Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious disorders, cancer chemokine W69163 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular protein ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: designated angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: SLC Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, (secondary similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press lymphoid including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ chemokine) rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9826071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and infectious CC Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in diseases, particularly chemokine W62542 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular herpes virus ELC ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: protein angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq Wo9823750 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Abnormal proliferation, DVic-1 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in regeneration, degeneration, C-C W60649 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular and atrophy disorders, chemokine ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: including cancer angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9823750 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cell C-C Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in proliferation disorders, cancer chemokine W60650 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular DGWCC ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9824907 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, STCP-1 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly T cell W62783 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular related disorders, viral ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: infection, and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: inflammation, especially joint Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Exodua GeneSeq WO9821330 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory protein Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, angiogenesis, cancer, W61279 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular and proliferation ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol.138: Chemokine disorders, particularly angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by. A. E. I. myeloproliferative Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. diseases similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9814581 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and degenerative Chemokine Acession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders protein W50887 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune, inflammatory, and T cell Accession 5,780,268 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious disorders, cancer mixed W58703 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular lymphocyte ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: reaction angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: expressed Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, chemokine similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press (TMEC) including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq W09814581 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and degenerative 6CKine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders protein W50885 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. human GeneSeq WO9817800 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune, inflammatory, and liver Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious disorders, cancer and W57475 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular activation ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: regulated angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: chemokine Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, (LARC) similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. RANTES GeneSeq WO9744462 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Infectious diseases, peptide Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly HIV W29538 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. RANTES GeneSeq WO9744462 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Infectious diseases, 8-68 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly HIV W29529 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. RANTES GeneSeq WO9744462 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Infectious diseases, 9-68 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly HIV W29528 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9811226 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Abnormal proliferation, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in regeneration, protein W59433 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular degeneration or 331D5 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: atrophy, including cancer angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9811226 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Abnormal proliferation, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in regeneration, degeneration or protein W59430 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular atrophy, including cancer 61164 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9809171 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune, Inflammatory, and MCP-4 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious diseases W56690 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq FR2751658 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be HIV infections stromal Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in cell- W50766 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular derived ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: chemokine, angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: SDF-1 Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Thymus GeneSeq WO9801557 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory expressed Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders chemokine W44397 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular (TECK) ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9801557 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders MIP-3 W44398 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular alpha ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9801557 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders MIP- W44399 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular 3beta ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9802459 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, respiratory monocyte Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, cancer chemotactic W42072 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular proprotein ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine (MCPP) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. sequence Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Macro- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune, and inflammatory phage- Accessions 5,688,927/ of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, cancer derived W40811 U.S. Pat. No. involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine and 5,932,703 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine (MDC) Y24414 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Macrophage GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory derived Accession 5,932,703 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders chemokine Y24416 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular analogue ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine MDC-eyfy angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Macrophage GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory derived Accession 5,932,703 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders chemokine Y24413 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular analogue ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine MDC angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. (n+1) Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Macrophage GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and inflammatory derived Accession 5,932,703 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders chemokine Y24415 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular analogue ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine MDC-yl angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq JP11243960 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Allergic diseases and HIV type CC Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infection chemokine Y43178 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular eotaxin 3 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine protein angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. sequence Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9946392 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and immune disorders, MCP-3 and Acession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly HIV infection human Y29893 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Muc-1 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: core angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: epitope Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, (VNT) similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press fusion including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ protein rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9946392 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and immune disorders, IP-10 and Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly HIV infection human Y29894 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Muc-1 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine core angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. epitope Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. (VNT) similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press fusion including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ protein rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq W09946392 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and immune disorders, IP-10 and Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly HIV infection HIV-1 Y29897 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular gp 120 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine hyper- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. variable Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. region similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press fusion including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ protein rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9936540 Chemokines are a family chemokine activities can be Breast disease, including mammary Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in cancer associated Y29092 and involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine Y29093 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine (MACK) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. protein Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. Full- similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press Length including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ and rejection, viral infection, and tumor Mature biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Tim-1 GeneSeq WO9933990 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammation due to stimuli protein Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in such as heart attacks and Y28290 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular stroke, infection, physical ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine trauma, UV or ionizing angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. radiation, burns, frostbite or Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. corrosive chemicals similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9928473 and Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be HIV infection and cancer, Lkn-1 Accessions WO9928472 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in particularly leukemia Full- Y17280, involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Length Y17274, ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine and Y17281, angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Mature and Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. protein Y17275 similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. N-terminal GeneSeq WO9920759 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inhibit or stimulate modified Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in angiogenesis, inhibit the chemokine Y05818 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular binding of HIV met- ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine hSDF-1 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. alpha Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. N-terminal GeneSeq WO9920759 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inhibit or stimulate modified Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in angiogenesis, inhibit the chemokine Y05819 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular binding of HIV, met- ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: chemokine antiinflammatory; hSDF-1 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. immunosuppressant beta Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. N-terminal GeneSeq WO9920759 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inhibit or stimulate modified Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in angiogenesis, inhibit the chemokine Y05820 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular binding of HIV, GroHEK/ ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine antiinflammatory; hSDF- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. immunosuppressant 1alpha Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. N-terminal GeneSeq WO9920759 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inhibit or stimulate modified Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in angiogenesis, inhibit the chemokine Y05821 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular binding of HIV, GroHEK/ ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine antiinflammatory; hSDF- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. immunosuppressant 1beta. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Increase or enhance an Eotaxin Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory response, an Y14230 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular immune response ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine orhaematopoietic cell- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. associated activity; treat a Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. vascular indication; Cancer; similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press enhance wound healing, to including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ prevent or treat asthma, organ rejection, viral infection, and tumor transplant rejction, biology. The chemokines exert their rheumatoid effects by acting on a family of seven arthritis or allergy transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, Vascular hMCP1a Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Wound healing, Y14225 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular cancer, prevent organ ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine transplant rejection, Increase angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. or enhance an inflammatory Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. response, similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, Vascular hMCP1b Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Wound healing, Y14226 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular cancer, prevent organ ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine transplant rejection, Increase angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. or enhance an inflammatory Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. response, similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, Vascular hSDF1b Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Wound healing, Y14228 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular cancer, prevent organ ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine transplant rejection, Increase angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. or enhance an inflammatory Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. response, similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, Vascular hIL-8 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Wound healing, Y14229 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular cancer, prevent organ ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine transplant rejection, Increase angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. or enhance an inflammatory Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. response, similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press Inc., including inflammation, allergy, tissue Totowa, NJ; and Holmes et al rejection, viral infection, and tumor (1991) Science 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, Vascular hMCP1 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Wound healing, Y14222 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular cancer, prevent organ ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine transplant rejection, Increase angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. or enhance an inflammatory Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. response, similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, Vascular hMCP2 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Wound healing, Y14223 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular cancer, prevent organ ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine transplant rejection, Increase angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. or enhance an inflammatory Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. response, similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Chemokine GeneSeq WO9912968 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, Vascular hMCP3 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known disorders, Wound healing, Y14224 involved in biological processes in the art: Methods in Molecular cancer, prevent organ ranging from hematopoiesis, Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine transplant rejection, Increase angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. or enhance an inflammatory Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. response, similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. C-C GeneSeq EP905240 Chemokines are a family of related Chemokine activities can be Inflammatory, Immune and chemokine, Accession small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in infectious diseases; pulmonary MCP2 Y05300 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular diseases and skin hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine disorders; tumours, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. angiogenesis-and Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. haematopoiesis-related similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press diseases including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viralk infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Wild type GeneSeq EP906954 Chemokines are a family of related Chemokine activities can be Inflammatory, Immune and monocyte Accession small, secreted proteins involved in determined using assays known in infectious diseases; pulmonary chemotactic Y07233 biological processes ranging from the art: Methods in Molecular diseases and skin disorders; protein 2 hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and Bilogy, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine tumours, and angiogenesis- leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. and haematopoiesis-related Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. diseases similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viralk infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Truncated GeneSeq EP906954 Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Inflammatory, immune and monocyte Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious diseases; pulmonry chemotactic Y07234 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular diseases and skin disorders; protein 2 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine tumours, and angiogenesis-and (6-76) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. haematopoiesis-related Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. diseases similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Truncated GeneSeq EP905241; EP906954 Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Inflammatory, immune and RANTES Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious diseases; pulmonry protein Y07236 and involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular diseases and skin disorders; (3-68) Y07232 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine tumours, and angiogenesis-and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. haematopoiesis-related Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. diseases similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Wild type GeneSeq EP905241 Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Inflammatory, immune and monocyte Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious diseases; pulmonry chemotactic Y07237 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular diseases and skin disorders; protein 2 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine tumours, and angiogenesis-and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. haematopoiesis-related Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. diseases similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Truncated GeneSeq EP905241 Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Inflammatory, immune and monocyte Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in infectious diseases; pulmonry chemo- Y07238 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular diseases and skin disorders; tactic ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine tumours, and angiogenesis-and protein angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. haematopoiesis-related 2 (6-76) Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. diseases similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. A partial GeneSeq EP897980 Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Soluble CXCR4B receptor CXCR4B Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in polypeptides may be useful for protein W97363 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular inhibiting chemokine activities ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine and viral infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Interferon GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, gamma- Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune inducible W96709 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular protein ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine discorders, Musco-skeletal (IP-10) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. disorders Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. A mono- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, kine Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune induced W96710 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular by gamma- ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine discorders, Musco-skeletal inter- angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. disorders feron Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. (MIG) similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Inter- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, leukin-8 Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune (IL-8) W96711 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular protein. ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine discorders, Musco-skeletal angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. disorders Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ; including inflammation, allergy, tissue and Holmes et al (1991) Science rejection, viral infection, and tumor 253, 1278-80. biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Epithelial GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, neutrophil Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune activating W96712 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular protein-78 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine discorders, Musco-skeletal (ENA-78) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. disorders Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ including inflammation, allergy, tissue rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Growth GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokines activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, related Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune oncogene- W96713 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular alpha ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine discorders, Musco-skeletal (GRO-alpha). angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. disorders Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power, Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ including inflammation, allergy, tissue rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Growth GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, related Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune oncogene- W96714 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular beta ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders, Musco-skeletal (GRO-beta). angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: disorders Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Growth GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, related Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune oncogene- W96715 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular gamma ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders, Musco-skeletal (GRO-gamma) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: disorders Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. A plate- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, let basic Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune protein W96716 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular (PBP) ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders, Musco-skeletal angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: disorders Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Connective GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, tissue Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune activating S96717 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular protein-III ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders, Musco-skeletal (CTAP-III) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: disorders Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Beta- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, thrombo- Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune globulin W96718 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular protein ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders, Musco-skeletal (beta-TG) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: disorders Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Neutrophil GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, activating Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune peptide-2 W96719 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular (NAP-2) ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders, Musco-skeletal angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: disorders Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Granulo- GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Angiogenesis, Cancer, cyte Accession 5,871,723 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Inflammatory and Immune chemo- W96720 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders, Cardio-Vascular tactic ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders, Musco-skeletal protein-2 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: disorders (GCP-2) Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq EP887409 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, viral, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in parasitic, fungal or MIG-beta W90124 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular bacterial protein ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: infections, Cancer; angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: autoimmune diseases or Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, transplant rejection similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9854326 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cancer, ZCHEMO-8 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in myelopoietic disorders, W82716 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular autoimmune ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: immunodeficiencies, Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, Inflammatory and infectious similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press diseases, Vascular including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ disorders, rejection, viral infection, and tumor wound healing biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9854326 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cancer, Act-2 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in myelopoietic disorders, protein W82717 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular autoimmune ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: immunodeficiencies, Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, Inflammatory and infectious similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power, Humana Press diseases, Vascular including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ disorders, rejection, viral infection, and tumor wound healing biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9854326 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cancer, SISD Acession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in myelopoietic disorders, protein W82720 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular autoimmune ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols, Edited by: immunodeficiencies, Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, Inflammatory and infectious similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press diseases, Vascular including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ disorders, rejection, viral infection, and tumor wound healing biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9854326 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cancer, M110 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in myelopoietic disorders, protein W82721 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular autoimmune ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: immunodeficiencies, Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, Inflammatory and infectious similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press diseases, Vascular including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ disorders, rejection, viral infection, and tumor wound healing biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq W09854326 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cancer, M11A Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in myelopoietic disorders, protein W82722 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular autoimmune ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: immunodeficiencies, Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, Inflammatory and infectious similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press diseases, Vascular including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ disorders, rejection, viral infection, and tumor wound healing biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9854326 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune disorders, cancer, CCC3 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in myelopoietic disorders, protein W82723 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular autoimmune ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders and angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: immunodeficiencies, Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, Inflammatory and infectious similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press diseases, Vascular including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ disorders, rejection, viral infection, and tumor wound healing biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. A human GeneSeq WO9856818 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, wound healing L105 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in chemokine W87588 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular designated ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: huL105_3. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. A human GeneSeq WO9856818 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, wound healing L105 Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in chemokine W87589 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular designated ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: huL105_7. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9848828 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Infectious diseases, mature Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in sepsis gro-alpha W81498 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular poly- ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: peptide angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: used to Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, treat similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press sepsis including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO9848828 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Infectious diseases, mature Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in sepsis gro-gamma W81500 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular poly- ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: peptide angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: used to Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, treat similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press sepsis including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0053635 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Inflammatory disorders, thymus Accessions of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in cancer, expressed B19607 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular Immune and vascular chemokine and ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders TECK and B19608 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: TECK Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, variant similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and SDF1alpha B15791 involved in biological processes the art: Mehtods of Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and GROalpha B15793 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory diorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and eotaxin B15794 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and MIG B15803 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C.A similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and PF4 B15804 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and I-309 B15805 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and HCC-1 B15806 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and C10 B15807 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and CCR-2 B15808 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and ENA-78 B15809 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and GRObeta B15810 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Chemokine angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Protocols. Edited by: A. E. I. Members of this family are involved in a Proudfoot; T. N. C. Wells, and C. A. similarly diverse range of pathologies Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and IP-10 B15811 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and SDF1beta B15812 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and GRO alpha B15813 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0042071 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Autoimmune disorders, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune, Vascular and MIP1beta B15831 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Inflammatory disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. A human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer C-C Accession 6,096,300 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in chemokine B07939 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular designated ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: exodus angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Chemotaxis, Gene Therapy, chemokine Accession 6,084,071 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Wound healing L105_7 Y96922 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Chemotaxis, Gene Therapy, chemokine Accession 6,084,071 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Wound healing L105_3 Y96923 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0038706 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, Vascular and Immune secondary Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders lymphoid B01434 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: (SLC) angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0029439 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and Inflammatory non-ELR Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Cancer, Haemostatic CXC Y96310 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular and thrombolytic chemokine ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: activity H174 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0029439 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and Inflammatory non-ELR Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Cancer, haemostatic CXC Y96311 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular and thrombolytic activity chemokine ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: IP10 angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0029439 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Immune and Inflammatory non-ELR Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in disorders, Cancer, haemostatic CXC Y96313 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular and thrombolytic activity chemokine ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: Mig angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0028035 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, wound healing, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory and Ckbeta-7 Y96280 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular immunoregulatory ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0028035 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, wound healing, chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory and MIP-1alpha Y96281 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular immunoregulatory ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GenSeq WO0028035 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, wound healing, mature Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory and chemokine Y96282 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular immunoregulatory Ckbeta-7 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: disorders (optionally angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: truncated) Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq WO0018431 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Soluble CXCR3 polypeptides chemokine Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in may be useful for inhibiting receptor Y79372 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular chemokine activities and viral CXCR3 ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: infection. angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Neurological disorders, neuro- Accession 6,043,086 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in Immune and respiratory tactin Y53259 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular disorders chemokine ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: like angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: domain Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq JP11302298 Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer and infectious CC type Accession of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in diseases chemokine Y57771 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular inter- ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: leukin C angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Human GeneSeq U.S. Pat. No. Chemokines are a family Chemokine activities can be Cancer, Auto-immune and CKbeta-9 Accession 6,153,441 of related small, secreted proteins determined using assays known in inflammatory disorders, B50860 involved in biological processes the art: Methods in Molecular Cardiovascular disorders ranging from hematopoiesis, Biology, 2000, vol. 138: angiogenesis, and leukocyte trafficking. Chemokine Protocols. Edited by: Members of this family are involved in a A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. N. C. Wells, similarly diverse range of pathologies and C. A. Power. Humana Press including inflammation, allergy, tissue Inc., Totowa, NJ rejection, viral infection, and tumor biology. The chemokines exert their effects by acting on a family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Over 40 human chemokines have been described, which bind to ~17 receptors thus far identified. Prepro- GeneSeq WO9637608 Apoa-1 participates in the reverse Lipid binding activity can be Useful for cardiovascular apolipo- Accession transport of cholesterol from tissues determined using assays known in disorders, cholesterol protein W08602 to the liver for excretion by the art, such as, for example, the disorders, and “paris” promoting cholesterol efflux Cholesterol Efflux Assays of Hyperlipidaemia variant from tissues and by acting as a Takahaski et al., P.N.A.S., Vol. 96, cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol Issue 20, 11358-11363, Sep. acyltransferase (lcat). 28, 1999. Prepro- 5,721,114 Apoa-1 participates in the reverse Lipid binding activity can be Useful for cardiovascular apolipo- transport of cholesterol from tissues determined using assays known in disorders, cholesterol protein to the liver for excretion by the art, such as, for example, the disorders, and “milano” promoting cholesterol efflux Cholesterol Efflux Assays of Hyperlipidaemia variant from tissues and by acting as a Takahaski et al., P.N.A.S., Vol. 96, cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol Issue 20, 11358-11363, Sep. acyltransferase (lcat). 28, 1999. Glyco- GeneSeq WO9628169 Naturally produced female Glycodelin-A activity can be Naturally derived delin-A; Accession contraceptive that is removed determined using the hemizona contraceptive useful for the Pro- W00289 rapidly from the body assay as described in Oehninger, S., prevention of pregnancy. gesterone- following 2-3 days production. Coddington, C. C., Hodgen, G. D., and associated Uses include contraception Seppala, M (1995) Fertil. endometrial Steril. 63, 377-383. protein NOGO-A Genbank NOGO polypeptides are potent Inhibition of Neurite outgrowth. NOGO-A polypeptide Accession inhibitors of neurite growth. Antagonists to NOGO polypeptides antagonists are useful for the CAB99248 may promote the outgrowth of promotion of neural growth, neurites, thus inducing which could be useful in the regeneration of neurons. treatment of neural disorders and dysfunction due to degenerative diseases or trauma; useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases of the CNS; induce regeneration of neurons or to promote the structural plasticity of the CNS. NOGO-B Genbank NOGO polypeptides are potent Inhibition of Neurite outgrowth. NOGO-B polypeptide Accession inhibitors of neurite growth. Antagonists to NOGO polypeptides antagonists are useful for the CAB99249 may promote the outgrowth of promotion of neural growth, neurites, thus inducing regeneration which could be useful in the of neurons. treatment of neural disorders and dysfunction due to degenerative diseases or trauma; useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases of the CNS; induce regeneration of neurons or to promote the structural plasticity of the CNS. NOGO-C Genbank NOGO polypeptides are potent Inhibition of Neurite outgrowth. NOGO-C polypeptide Accession inhibitors of neurite growth. Antagonists to NOGO polypeptides antagonists are useful for the CAB99250 may promote the outgrowth of promotion of neural growth, neurites, thus inducing regeneration which could be useful in the of neurons. treatment of neural disorders and dysfunction due to degenerative diseases or trauma; useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases of the CNS; induce regeneration of neurons or to promote the structural plasticity of the CNS. NOGO-66 Genbank NOGO polypeptides are potent Inhibition of Neurite outgrowth by NOGO-66 receptor Receptor Accession inhibitors of neurite growth, mediating the biological effects of polypeptides are useful for the AAG53612 and are thought to mediate NOGO polypeptides. Soluble promotion of neural growth, their effects through the NOGO-66 NOGO-66 receptor polypeptides which could be useful in the Receptor. may promote the outgrowth of treatment of neural disorders neurites, thus inducing regeneration and dysfunction due to of neurons. degenerative diseases or trauma; useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases of the CNS; induce regeneration of neurons or to promote the structural plasticity of the CNS. Antibodies U.S. Pat. No. These antibodies are useful for the Collapsin activity, which is thought Useful for the promotion of specific 5,416,197 promotion of neurite outgrowth to inhibit the outgrowth of neurites, neural growth, which could be for can be assayed in the presence of useful in the treatment of collapsin antibodies specific for collapsing neural disorders and using assays known in the art, such dysfunction due to as, for example, the collapse assay degenerative diseases or disclosed by Luo et al., Cell 1993 trauma. Oct. 22; 75(2): 217-27 Humanized WO9845331 These agents have anti-inflammatory VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Anti- and anti-cancer applications using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as VEGF as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Antibodies, Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as and example. anti-angiogenic agents, and fragments may be applicable for cancer thereof Humanized WO0029584 These agents have anti-inflammatory VEGF activity can be determined Promotion of growth and Anti- and anti-cancer applications using assays known in the art, such proliferation of cells, such as VEGF as those disclosed in International vascular endothelial cells. Antibodies, Publication No. WO0045835, for Antagonists may be useful as and example. anti-angiogenic agents, and fragments may be applicable for cancer thereof Membrane GeneSeq. WO9963088 Cancer, Immune Disorders These proteins can be used for Activities can be determined bound Accession linking bioactive molecules to cells using assay known in the art, proteins Y66631- and for modulating biological such as, for example, the Y66765 activities of cells, using the assays disclosed in polypeptides for specific targeting. International Publication No. The polypeptide targeting can be WO0121658. used to kill the target cells, e.g. for the treatment of cancers. These proteins are useful for the treatment of immune system disorders. Secreted GenSeq WO0053756 Cancer, Immune Disorders These proteins can be used for Activities can be determined and Accession linking bioactive molecules to cells using assay known in the art, Trans- B44241- and for modulating biological such as, for example, the membrane B44334 activities of cells, using the assays disclosed in poly- polypeptides for specific targeting. International Publication No. peptides The polypeptide targeting can be WO0121658 used to kill the target cells, e.g. for the treatment of cancers. These proteins are useful for the treatment of immune system disorders. Secreted GeneSeq WO9946281 Cancer, Immune Disorders These proteins can be used for Activities can be determined and Accession linking bioactive molecules to cells using assay known in the art, Trans- Y41685- and for modulating biological such as, for example, the membrane Y41774 activities of cells, using the assays disclosed in poly- polypeptides for specific targeting. International Publication No. peptides The polypeptide targeting can be WO0121658 used to kill the target cells, e.g. for the treatment of cancers. These proteins are useful for the treatment of immune system disorders. Conjugation and Coupling

The present invention provides therapeutic agents comprising an elastic peptide component and a therapeutic component, such as therapeutic proteins listed in herein, including Table 1, as well as a GLP-1 receptor agonists, insulin, Factor VII/VIIa, and functional analogs as described. Such agents may be prepared by recombinant technology and/or chemical coupling (e.g., conjugation).

A recombinantly-produced elastic peptide fusion protein, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, includes the elastic peptide component and the therapeutic component associated with one another by genetic fusion. For example, the fusion protein may be generated by translation of a polynucleotide encoding the therapeutic component cloned in-frame with the elastic peptide component (or vice versa). Such an elastic peptide fusion protein may contain one or more copies of the therapeutic component attached to the N-terminus and/or the C-terminus of the elastic peptide component. In some embodiments, the therapeutic proteinacious component is attached to both the N- and C-terminus of the elastic peptide component and the fusion protein may contain one or more equivalents of the therapeutic component on either or both ends of the elastic peptide component.

In certain embodiments, the elastic peptide component and the therapeutic components can be fused using a linker peptide of various lengths to provide greater physical separation and allow more spatial mobility between the fused portions, and thus maximize the accessibility of the therapeutic component, for instance, for binding to its cognate receptor. The linker peptide may consist of amino acids that are flexible or more rigid. For example, a flexible linker may include amino acids having relatively small side chains, and which may be hydrophilic. Without limitation, the flexible linker may contain a stretch of glycine and/or serine residues. More rigid linkers may contain, for example, more sterically hindering amino acid side chains, such as (without limitation) tyrosine or histidine. The linker may be less than about 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, or 5 amino acid residues. The linker can be covalently linked to and between an elastic peptide component and a therapeutic component, for example, via recombinant fusion.

The linker or peptide spacer may be protease-cleavable or non-cleavable. By way of example, cleavable peptide spacers include, without limitation, a peptide sequence recognized by proteases (in vitro or in vivo) of varying type, such as Tev, thrombin, factor Xa, plasmin (blood proteases), metalloproteases, cathepsins (e.g., GFLG, etc.), and proteases found in other corporeal compartments. In some embodiments employing cleavable linkers, the fusion protein (“the therapeutic agent”) may be inactive, less active, or less potent as a fusion, which is then activated upon cleavage of the spacer in vivo. Alternatively, where the therapeutic agent is sufficiently active as a fusion, a non-cleavable spacer may be employed. The non-cleavable spacer may be of any suitable type, including, for example, non-cleavable spacer moieties having the formula [(Gly)n-Ser]m (SEQ ID NO.: 22) where n is from 1 to 4, inclusive, and m is from 1 to 4, inclusive. Alternatively, a short elastic peptide sequence different than the backbone elastic peptide could be employed instead of a linker or spacer, while accomplishing the necessary effect.

In still other embodiments, the therapeutic agent is a recombinant fusion having a therapeutic component flanked on each terminus by an elastic peptide component. At least one of said elastic peptide components may be attached via a cleavable spacer, such that the therapeutic component is inactive, but activated in vivo by proteolytic removal of a single elastic peptide component. The resulting single elastic peptide fusion being active, and having an enhanced half-life (or other property described herein) in vivo.

In other embodiments, the present invention provides chemical conjugates of the elastic peptide component and the therapeutic component. The conjugates can be made by chemically coupling an elastic peptide component to a therapeutic component by any number of methods well known in the art (See e.g. Nilsson et al., 2005, Ann Rev Biophys Bio Structure 34: 91-118). In some embodiments, the chemical conjugate can be formed by covalently linking the therapeutic component to the elastic peptide component, directly or through a short or long linker moiety, through one or more functional groups on the therapeutic proteinacious component, e. g., amine, carboxyl, phenyl, thiol or hydroxyl groups, to form a covalent conjugate. Various conventional linkers can be used, e. g., diisocyanates, diisothiocyanates, carbodiimides, bis (hydroxysuccinimide) esters, maleimide-hydroxysuccinimide esters, glutaraldehyde and the like.

Non-peptide chemical spacers can additionally be of any suitable type, including for example, by functional linkers described in Bioconjugate Techniques, Greg T. Hermanson, published by Academic Press, Inc., 1995, and those specified in the Cross-Linking Reagents Technical Handbook, available from Pierce Biotechnology, Inc. (Rockford, Ill.), the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference, in their respective entireties. Illustrative chemical spacers include homobifunctional linkers that can attach to amine groups of Lys, as well as heterobifunctional linkers that can attach to Cys at one terminus, and to Lys at the other terminus.

In certain embodiments, relatively small ELP components (e.g., ELP components of less than about 30 kDa, 25 kDa, 20 kDa, 15 kDa, or 10 kDa), that do not transition at room temperature (or human body temperature, e.g., Tt>37° C.), are chemically coupled or crosslinked. For example, two relatively small ELP components, having the same or different properties, may be chemically coupled. Such coupling, in some embodiments, may take place in vivo, by the addition of a single cysteine residue at or around the C-terminus of the ELP. Such ELP components may each be fused to one or more therapeutic components, so as to increase activity or avidity at the target.

Polynucleotides, Vectors, and Host Cells

In another aspect, the invention provides polynucleotides comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the therapeutic agent of the invention. Such polynucleotides further comprise, in addition to sequences encoding the elastic peptide and therapeutic components, one or more expression control elements. For example, the polynucleotide, may comprise one or more promoters or transcriptional enhancers, ribosomal binding sites, transcription termination signals, and polyadenylation signals, as expression control elements. The polynucleotide may be inserted within any suitable vector, which may be contained within any suitable host cell for expression.

A vector comprising the polynucleotide can be introduced into a cell for expression of the therapeutic agent. The vector can remain episomal or become chromosomally integrated, as long as the insert encoding the therapeutic agent can be transcribed. Vectors can be constructed by standard recombinant DNA technology. Vectors can be plasmids, phages, cosmids, phagemids, viruses, or any other types known in the art, which are used for replication and expression in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that a wide variety of components known in the art (such as expression control elements) may be included in such vectors, including a wide variety of transcription signals, such as promoters and other sequences that regulate the binding of RNA polymerase onto the promoter. Any promoter known to be effective in the cells in which the vector will be expressed can be used to initiate expression of the therapeutic agent. Suitable promoters may be inducible or constitutive. Examples of suitable promoters include the SV40 early promoter region, the promoter contained in the 3′ long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus, the HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus-1) thymidine kinase promoter, the regulatory sequences of the metallothionein gene, etc., as well as the following animal transcriptional control regions, which exhibit tissue specificity and have been utilized in transgenic animals: elastase I gene control region which is active in pancreatic acinar cells; insulin gene control region which is active in pancreatic beta cells, immunoglobulin gene control region which is active in lymphoid cells, mouse mammary tumor virus control region which is active in testicular, breast, lymphoid and mast cells, albumin gene control region which is active in liver, alpha-fetoprotein gene control region which is active in liver, alpha 1-antitrypsin gene control region which is active in the liver, beta-globin gene control region which is active in erythroid cells, myelin basic protein gene control region which is active in oligodendrocyte cells in the brain, myosin light chain-2 gene control region which is active in skeletal muscle, and gonadotropin releasing hormone gene control region which is active in the hypothalamus.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the therapeutic agents of the invention (as described above) together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such pharmaceutical compositions may be employed in the methods of treatment as described above, for each of the therapeutic proteins, e.g., the therapeutic proteins listed in Table 1, GLP-1 receptor agonists, insulin, and Factor VII/VIIa embodiments.

The therapeutic agents of the invention may overcome certain deficiencies of peptide agents when administered (e.g., parenterally), including in some embodiments, the limitation that such peptides may be easily metabolized by plasma proteases or cleared from circulation by kidney filtration. Traditionally, the oral route of administration of peptide agents may also be problematic, because in addition to proteolysis in the stomach, the high acidity of the stomach destroys such peptide agents before they reach their intended target tissue. Peptides and peptide fragments produced by the action of gastric and pancreatic enzymes are cleaved by exo and endopeptidases in the intestinal brush border membrane to yield di- and tripeptides, and even if proteolysis by pancreatic enzymes is avoided, polypeptides are subject to degradation by brush border peptidases. Any of the peptide agents that survive passage through the stomach are further subjected to metabolism in the intestinal mucosa where a penetration barrier prevents entry into the cells. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic agents of the invention may overcome such deficiencies, and provide compositional forms having enhanced efficacy, bioavailability, therapeutic half-life, persistence, degradation assistance, etc. The therapeutic agents of the invention thus include oral and parenteral dose forms, as well as various other dose forms, by which peptide agents can be utilized in a highly effective manner. For example, in some embodiments, such agents may achieve high mucosal absorption, and the concomitant ability to use lower doses to elicit an optimum therapeutic effect.

The therapeutic agents of the present invention may be administered in smaller doses and/or less frequently than unfused or unconjugated counterparts. While one of skill in the art can determine the desirable dose in each case, a suitable dose of the therapeutic agent for achievement of therapeutic benefit, may, for example, be in a range of about 1 microgram (μg) to about 100 milligrams (mg) per kilogram body weight of the recipient per day, preferably in a range of about 10 μg to about 50 mg per kilogram body weight per day and most preferably in a range of about 10 μg to about 50 mg per kilogram body weight per day. The desired dose may be presented as one dose or two or more sub-doses administered at appropriate intervals throughout the day. These sub-doses can be administered in unit dosage forms, for example, containing from about 10 μg to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 50 μg to about 500 mg, and most preferably from about 50 μg to about 250 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form. Alternatively, if the condition of the recipient so requires, the doses may be administered as a continuous infusion.

The mode of administration and dosage forms will of course affect the therapeutic amount of the peptide active therapeutic agent that is desirable and efficacious for a given treatment application. For example, orally administered dosages can be at least twice, e.g., 2-10 times, the dosage levels used in parenteral administration methods.

The therapeutic agents of the invention may be administered per se as well as in various forms including pharmaceutically acceptable esters, salts, and other physiologically functional derivatives thereof. The present invention also contemplates pharmaceutical formulations, both for veterinary and for human medical use, which include therapeutic agents of the invention. In such pharmaceutical and medicament formulations, the therapeutic agents can be used together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s) therefore and optionally any other therapeutic ingredients. The carrier(s) must be pharmaceutically acceptable in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not unduly deleterious to the recipient thereof. The therapeutic agents are provided in an amount effective to achieve the desired pharmacological effect, as described above, and in a quantity appropriate to achieve the desired daily dose.

The formulations of the therapeutic agent include those suitable for parenteral as well as non-parenteral administration, and specific administration modalities include oral, rectal, buccal, topical, nasal, ophthalmic, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, transdermal, intrathecal, intra-articular, intra-arterial, sub-arachnoid, bronchial, lymphatic, vaginal, and intra-uterine administration. Formulations suitable for oral and parenteral administration are preferred.

When the therapeutic agent is used in a formulation including a liquid solution, the formulation advantageously can be administered orally or parenterally. When the therapeutic agent is employed in a liquid suspension formulation or as a powder in a biocompatible carrier formulation, the formulation may be advantageously administered orally, rectally, or bronchially.

When the therapeutic agent is used directly in the form of a powdered solid, the active agent can be advantageously administered orally. Alternatively, it may be administered bronchially, via nebulization of the powder in a carrier gas, to form a gaseous dispersion of the powder which is inspired by the patient from a breathing circuit comprising a suitable nebulizer device.

The formulations comprising the therapeutic agent of the present invention may conveniently be presented in unit dosage forms and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods generally include the step of bringing the therapeutic agents into association with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. Typically, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the therapeutic agent into association with a liquid carrier, a finely divided solid carrier, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into dosage forms of the desired formulation.

Formulations suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets, tablets, or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient as a powder or granules; or a suspension in an aqueous liquor or a non-aqueous liquid, such as a syrup, an elixir, an emulsion, or a draught.

A tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine, with the therapeutic agent being in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules which optionally is mixed with a binder, disintegrant, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active agent, or discharging agent. Molded tablets comprised of a mixture of the powdered peptide active therapeutic agent-elastic peptide construct(s) with a suitable carrier may be made by molding in a suitable machine.

A syrup may be made by adding the peptide active therapeutic agent-ELP construct(s) to a concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar, for example sucrose, to which may also be added any accessory ingredient(s). Such accessory ingredient(s) may include flavorings, suitable preservative, agents to retard crystallization of the sugar, and agents to increase the solubility of any other ingredient, such as a polyhydroxy alcohol, for example glycerol or sorbitol.

Formulations suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise a sterile aqueous preparation of the therapeutic agent, which preferably is isotonic with the blood of the recipient (e.g., physiological saline solution). Such formulations may include suspending agents and thickening agents or other microparticulate systems which are designed to target the peptide active therapeutic agent to blood components or one or more organs. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose form.

Nasal spray formulations comprise purified aqueous solutions of the therapeutic agent with preservative agents and isotonic agents. Such formulations are preferably adjusted to a pH and isotonic state compatible with the nasal mucus membranes.

Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable carrier such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated fats, or hydrogenated fatty carboxylic acid.

Topical formulations comprise the therapeutic agent dissolved or suspended in one or more media, such as mineral oil, petroleum, polyhydroxy alcohols, or other bases used for topical pharmaceutical formulations.

In addition to the aforementioned ingredients, the formulations of this invention may further include one or more accessory ingredient(s) selected from diluents, buffers, flavoring agents, disintegrants, surface active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including antioxidants), and the like.

The features and advantages of the present invention are more fully shown with respect to the following non-limiting examples.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Construction of Various ELP Component Constructs

Cloning steps were conducted in Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue (rec A1, endA1, gyrA96, thi-1, hsdR17 (r_(k) ⁻, m_(k)+), supE44, relA1, lac[F′, proAB, /αcl^(q)ZΔM15, Tn10 (Tet^(r))] (Stratagene La Jolla, Calif.). pUC19 (NEB, Beverly, Mass.) was used as the cloning vector for the ELP construction (Meyer and Chilkoti, Nat. Biotechnol., 17(11):1112-5, 1999). Modified forms of pET15b and pET24d vectors (Novagen) were used to express ELP and ELP-fusion proteins in BL21 Star (DE3) strain (F⁻, ompT, hsdS_(B) (r_(B) ⁻m_(B) ⁻), gal, dcm, rne131, (DE3)) (Invitrogen Carlsbad, Calif.) or BLR(DE3) (F⁻, ompT, hsdS_(B) (r_(B) ⁻m_(B) ⁻), gal, dcm, Δ(srl-recA) 306::Tn10(TcR)(DE3)) (Novagen Madison, Wis.). Synthetic DNA oligos were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies, Coralville, Iowa. All vector constructs were made using standard molecular biology protocols (e.g., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, ed. Ausubel, et al., 1995).

Construction of ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃] Gene Series

The ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃] series designate polypeptides containing multiple repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3), where X is valine, alanine, and glycine at a relative ratio of 5:2:3.

The ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃] series monomer, ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10], was created by annealing four 5′ phosphorylated, PAGE purified synthetic oligos to form double stranded DNA with EcoRI and HindIII compatible ends (Meyer and Chilkoti, Nat. Biotechnol., 17(11):1112-5, 1999). The oligos were annealed in a 1 μM mixture of the four oligos in 50 μl IX ligase buffer (Invitrogen) to 95° C. in a heating block than the block was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. The ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10]/EcoRI-HindIII DNA segment was ligated into a pUC19 vector digested with EcoRI and HindIII and CIAP dephosphorylated (Invitrogen) to form pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10]. Building of the ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃] series library began by inserting ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10] PflMI/BgII fragment from pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10] into pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10] linearized with PflMI and dephosphorylated with CIAP to create pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-20]. pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-20] was then built up to pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-30] and pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-40] by ligating ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-10] or ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-20] PflMI/BgII fragments respectively into PflMI digested pUC 19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-20]. This procedure was used to expand the ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃] series to create pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-60], pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90] and pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180] genes.

Construction of ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] Gene Series

The ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] series designate polypeptides containing multiple repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3), where X is lysine, valine, and phenylalanine at a relative ratio of 1:2:1.

The ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] series monomer, ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-4], was created by annealing two 5′ phosphorylated, PAGE purified synthetic oligos to form double stranded DNA with EcoRI and HindIII compatible ends (Meyer and Chilkoti, 1999). The oligos were annealed in a 1 μM mixture of the four oligos in 50 μl 1× ligase buffer (Invitrogen) to 95° C. in a heating block then the block was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. The ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-4]/EcoRI-HindIII DNA segment was ligated into a pUC19 vector digested with EcoRI and HindIII and CIAP dephosphorylated (Invitrogen) to form pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-4]. Building of the ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] series library began by inserting ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-4] PflM1/Bgl1 fragment from pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-4] into pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-4] linearized with PflM1 and dephosphorylated with CIAP to create pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-8]. Using the same procedure the ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] series was doubled at each ligation to form pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-I6], pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-32], pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-64] and pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-128].

Construction of ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁] Gene Series

The ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁] series designate polypeptides containing multiple repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3), where X is lysine, valine, and phenylalanine at a relative ratio of 1:7:1.

The ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁] series monomer, ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-9], was created by annealing four 5′ phosphorylated, PAGE purified synthetic oligos to form double stranded DNA with PflMI and HindIII compatible ends. The ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-9] DNA segment was than ligated into PflM1/HindIII dephosphorylated PUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180] vector thereby substituting ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180] for ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-9] to create the pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-9] monomer. The ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁] series was expanded in the same manner as the ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] series to create pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-18], PUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-36], pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-72] and pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-144].

Construction of ELP1 [V] Gene Series

The ELP1 [V] series designate polypeptides containing multiple repeating units of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3), where X is exclusively valine.

The ELP1 [V] series monomer, ELP1 [V-5], was created by annealing two 5′ phosphorylated, PAGE purified synthetic oligos to form double stranded DNA with EcoRI and HindIII compatible ends. The ELP1 [V-5] DNA segment was than ligated into EcoRI/HindIII dephosphorylated pUC19 vector to create the pUC19-ELP1 [V-5] monomer. The ELP1 [V] series was created in the same manner as the ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃] series, ultimately expanding pUC19-ELP1 [V-5] to pUC19-ELP1 [V-60] and pUC19-ELP1 [V-120].

Construction of ELP2 Gene Series

The ELP2 series designate polypeptides containing multiple repeating units of the pentapeptide AVGVP.

The ELP2 series monomer, ELP2 [5], was created by annealing two 5′ phosphorylated, PAGE purified synthetic oligos to form double stranded DNA with EcoRI and HindIII compatible ends. The ELP2 [5] DNA segment was than ligated into EcoRI/HindIII dephosphorylated pUC19 vector to create the pUC19-ELP2[5] monomer. The ELP2 series was expanded in the same manner as the ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] series to create pUC19-ELP2[10], pUC19-ELP2 [30], pUC 19-ELP2 [60] and pUC 19-ELP2 [120].

Construction of ELP3 [V] Gene Series

The ELP3 [V] series designate polypeptides containing multiple repeating units of the pentapeptide IPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 5), where X is exclusively valine.

The ELP3 [V] series monomer, ELP3 [V-5], was created by annealing two 5′ phosphorylated, PAGE purified synthetic oligos to form double stranded DNA with PfLM1 amino terminal and GGC carboxyl terminal compatible ends due to the lack of a convenient carboxyl terminal restriction site but still enable seamless addition of the monomer. The ELP3 [V-5] DNA segment was then ligated into PflM1/BgII dephosphorylated pUC19-ELP4[V-5], thereby substituting ELP4 [V-5] for ELP3 [V-5] to create the pUC19-ELP3 [V-5] monomer. The ELP3 [V] series was expanded by ligating the annealed ELP3 oligos into pUC19-ELP3[V-5] digested with PflMI. Each ligation expands the ELP3 [V] series by 5 to create ELP3 [V-10], ELP3 [V-15], etc.

Construction of the ELP4 [V] Gene Series

The ELP4 [V] series designate polypeptides containing multiple repeating units of the pentapeptide LPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 7), where X is exclusively valine.

The ELP4 [V] series monomer, ELP4 [V-5], was created by annealing two 5′ phosphorylated, PAGE purified synthetic oligos to form double stranded DNA with EcoRI and HindIII compatible ends. The ELP4 [V-5] DNA segment was than ligated into EcoRI/HindIII dephosphorylated pUC19 vector to create the pUC19-ELP4[V-5] monomer. The ELP4 [V] series was expanded in the same manner as the ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁] series to create pUC19-ELP4[V-10], pUC19-ELP4[V-30], pUC19-ELP4[V-60] and pUC19-ELP4[V-120].

The ELP genes were also inserted into other vectors such as pET15b-SD0, pET15b-SD3, pET15b-SD5, pET15b-SD6, and pET24d-SD21. The pET vector series are available from Novagen, San Diego, Calif.

The pET15b-SD0 vector was formed by modifying the pET15b vector using SD0 double-stranded DNA segment containing the multicloning restriction site (SacI-NdeI-NcoI-XhoI-SnaBI-BamHI). The SD0 double-stranded DNA segment had XbaI and BamHI compatible ends and was ligated into XbaI/BamHI linearized and 5′-dephosphorylated pET15b to form the pet15b-SD0 vector.

The pET15b-SD3 vector was formed by modifying the pET15b-SD0 vector using SD3 double-stranded DNA segment containing a SfiI restriction site upstream of a hinge region-thrombin cleavage site followed by the multicloning site (NdeI-NcoI-XhoI-SnaBI-BamHI). The SD3 double-stranded DNA segment had SacI and NdeI compatible ends and was ligated into SacI/NdeI linearized and 5′-dephosphorylated pET15b-SD0 to form the pET15b-SD3 vector.

The pET15b-SD5 vector was formed by modifying the pET15b-SD3 vector using the SD5 double-stranded DNA segment containing a SM restriction site upstream of a thrombin cleavage site followed by a hinge and the multicloning site (NdeI-NcoI-XhoI-SnaBI-BamHI). The SD5 double-stranded DNA segment had SfiI and NdeI compatible ends and was ligated into SfiI/NdeI linearized and 5′-dephosphorylated pET15b-SD3 to form the pET15b-SD5 vector.

The pET15b-SD6 vector was formed by modifying the pET15b-SD3 vector using the SD6 double-stranded DNA segment containing a SfiI restriction site upstream of a linker region-TEV cleavage site followed by the multicloning site (NdeI-NcoI-XhoI-SnaBI-BamHI). The SD6 double-stranded DNA segment had SfiI and NheI compatible ends and was ligated into SfiI/NdeI linearized and 5′-dephosphorylated pET15b-SD3 to form the pET15b-SD6 vector.

The pET24d-SD21 vector was formed by modifying the pET24d vector using the SD21 double-stranded DNA segment with NcoI and NheI compatible ends. The SD21 double-stranded DNA segment was ligated into NcoI/NheI linearized and 5′ dephosphorylated pET24d to create the pET24d-SD21 vector, which contained a new multicloning site NcoI-SfiI-NheI-BamHI-EcoRI-SacI-SalI-HindIII-NotI-XhoI with two stop codons directly after the SfiI site for insertion and expression of ELP with the minimum number of extra amino acids.

The pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-60], pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90], and pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180] plasmids produced in XL1-Blue were digested with PflMI and BgII, and the ELP-containing fragments were ligated into the SfiI site of the pET15b-SD3 expression vector as described hereinabove to create pET15b-SD3-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-60], pET15b-SD5-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90] and pET15b-SD5-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180], respectively.

The pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90], pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180], pUC19-ELP1 [V-60] and pUC19-ELP1 [V-120] plasmids produced in XL1-Blue were digested with PflMI and BgII, and the ELP-containing fragments were ligated into the SfiI site of the pET15b-SD5 expression vector as described hereinabove to create pET15b-SD5-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90], pET15b-SD5-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180], pET15b-SD5-ELP1 [V-60] and pET15b-SD5-ELP1 [V-120], respectively.

The pUC19-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90] plasmid produced in XL1-Blue was digested with PflMI and BgII, and the ELP-containing fragment was ligated into the SfiI site of the pET15b-SD6 expression vector as described hereinabove to create pET15b-SD6-ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90].

The pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-64], and pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-128] plasmids produced in XL1-Blue were digested with PflMI and BgII, and the ELP-containing fragments were ligated into the SfiI site of the pET24d-SD21 expression vector as described hereinabove to create pET24d-SD21-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-64] and pET24d-SD21-ELP1 [K₁V₂F₁-128], respectively.

The pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-72] and pUC19-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-144] plasmids produced in XL1-Blue were digested with PflMI and BgII, and the ELP-containing fragments were ligated into the SfiI site of the pET24d-SD21 expression vector as described hereinabove to create pET24d-SD21-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-72], pET24d-SD21-ELP1 [K₁V₇F₁-144], respectively.

The pUC19-ELP2[60] and pUC19-ELP2[120] plasmids produced in XL1-Blue were digested with NcoI and HindIII, and the ELP-containing fragments were ligated into the NcoI and HindIII sites of the pET24d-SD21 expression vector as described hereinabove to create pET24d-SD21-ELP2[60], pET24d-SD21-ELP2[120], respectively.

The pUC19-ELP4[V-60] and pUC19-ELP4[V-120] plasmids produced in XL1-Blue were digested with NcoI and HindIII, and the ELP-containing fragments were ligated into the NcoI and HindIII sites of the pET24d-SD21 expression vector as described hereinabove to create pET24d-SD21-ELP4[V-60], pET24d-SD21-ELP4[V-120], respectively.

Example 2 Isolation and Purification of Fusion Proteins Containing Insulin A Peptide (InsA)

ELP-InsA fusion proteins included the following:

Insulin A peptide and ELP1 [V-60] polypeptide with an enterokinase protease cleavage site therebetween.

Insulin A peptide and ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-90] polypeptide with an enterokinase protease cleavage site therebetween.

Insulin A peptide and ELP1 [V-120] polypeptide with an enterokinase protease cleavage site therebetween.

Insulin A peptide and ELP1 [V₅A₂G₃-180] polypeptide with an enterokinase protease cleavage site therebetween.

A single colony of E. coli strain BLR (DE3) (Novagen) containing the respective ELP-InsA fusion protein was inoculated into 5 ml CircleGrow (Q-BIOgene, San Diego, Calif.) supplemented with 100 μg/ml ampicillin (Sigma) and grown at 37° C. with shaking at 250 rpm for 5 hours. The 5 ml culture was then inoculated into a 500 ml culture and allowed to grow at 25° C. for 16 hours before inducing with 1 mM IPTG for 4 hours at 25° C. The culture was harvested and suspended in 40 ml 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT and 1 Complete EDTA free Protease inhibitor pellet (Roche, Indianapolis, Ind.). Cells were lysed by ultrasonic disruption on ice for 3 minutes, which consisted of 10 seconds bursts at 35% power separated by 30 second cooling down intervals. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation at 20,000 g, 4° C. for 30 minutes.

Inverse phase transition was induced by adding NaCl to the cell lysate at room temperature to achieve a final concentration of 1.0 M therein, followed by centrifugation at 20,000 g for 15 minutes at room temperature. The resulting pellet contained the respective ELP-InsA fusion protein and non-specifically NaCl precipitated proteins.

The pellet was re-suspended in 40 ml ice-cold ml 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT and re-centrifuged at 20,000 g, 4° C. for 15 minutes to remove the non-specifically NaCl precipitated proteins. The inverse transition cycle was repeated two additional times to increase the purity of the respective ELP-InsA fusion protein and reduce the final volume to 0.5 ml.

Example 3 Half-Life of ELP1

The pharmacokinetics of ELP1 were determined by intravenously administering [¹⁴C]ELP1 to nude mice (Balb/c nu/nu) bearing a leg/flank FaDu xenograft and collecting blood samples at various time intervals after administration. The blood pharmacokinetics exhibited a characteristic distribution and elimination response for large macromolecules, which was well described by a bi-exponential process.

The plasma concentration time-course curve was fit to the analytical solution of a two-compartment model to approximate both an elimination and distribution response. Certain pharmakinetic parameters are shown in Table 1 below. The distribution volume of the ELP (1.338 μl) was nearly identical to the hypothetical plasma volume of 1.363 μl (Barbee, R. W., et al., Am. J. Physio. 263(3) (1992) R728-R733), indicating that the ELP did not rapidly distribute or bind to specific organs and tissues directly after administration. The AUC is a measure of the cumulative exposure to ELP in the central compartment or the blood plasma. The body clearance is defined as the rate of ELP elimination in the body relative to its plasma concentration and is the summation of clearance through all organs including the kidney, liver and others.

TABLE 1 Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for [¹⁴C]ELP1 k₁ k₂ k_(e) V_(d) AUC Cl_(B) (hr⁻¹) (hr⁻¹) (hr⁻¹) (μL) (mg ELP hr/ml) (μL/hr) ELP1-150 3.54 1.99 0.24 1,338 7.1 317

The mass transfer rate constants are from a standard two-compartment model (k₁; from central to peripheral compartment; k₂, from peripheral to central compartment; and k_(e), elimination from central compartment). The distribution volume (V_(d)), central compartment concentration time-course area under the curve (AUC) and body clearance (Cl_(B)) are displayed. Data are shown as the mean values (n=5, except V_(d) and initial plasma concentration (C_(O)) was calculated from a similar cohort with n=3).

Example 4 Biodistribution of ELPs in Nude Mice

¹⁴C Labeled ELP1-150 and/or ¹⁴C Labeled ELP2-160

¹⁴C labeled ELP1-150 and/or ¹⁴C labeled ELP2-160 were administered to nude mice with a FaDu tumor (mean+/−SD, n=6). The tumor was heated post administration of the ELP in a water bath at 41.5° C. The distribution was highest to the organs with the highest blood content: liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs.

¹⁴C Labeled ELP2-[V₁A₈G₇-160]

¹⁴C labeled ELP2-[V₁A_(B)G₇-160] (T_(t)>60° C.) was administered to nude mice for a plasma concentration of 15 μM. ELP concentrations were determined following 1 hour of heating (41° C.) of an implanted FaDu tumor, located in the right hind leg of the nude mouse. Data are shown as the mean, plus the 95% confidence interval. N=6.

ELP concentration was measured 1.5 hours following systemic administration of ¹⁴C labeled ELP2-[V₁A₈G₇-160]. The highest distribution is seen in organs with the highest blood content: liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs.

Example 5 Exendin-4 ELP Fusion

The DNA sequence for Exendin-4 (Ex-4) (SEQ ID NO: 14) was reverse translated from the amino acid sequence using codons optimized for E. coli expression. The DNA sequence encoding Exendin-4 was constructed by annealing together synthetic oligonucleotides with overhanging 5′ and 3′ ends compatible with the restriction sites NdeI and XhoI in the plasmid pET24d-ELP1-90 (FIG. 1). This plasmid was digested with the restriction enzymes NdeI and XhoI and the annealed DNA sequence was ligated into the cut vector. Insertion was confirmed by restriction digest and DNA sequencing. The resulting plasmid was designated as pET24d-Ex-4 ELP1-90 (FIG. 2A), and the sequence of the resulting Exendin-4-ELP fusion shown in FIG. 2B. Primers for construction of the fusion are also indicated.

pET24d-Ex-4 ELP1-90 was used to transform the E. coli strain BRL (Invitrogen) and selected transformants were grown in media 3(1.2% Tryptone Peptone, 2.4% yeast extract, 5 g/L casamino acids, 2% glycerol, 2.313 g Potassium phosphate dibasic/L, 12.541 g Potassium phosphate monobasic/L) in shake flasks. Production proceeded by autoinduction by inoculating 1 OD cells into 1 L of media 3 and allowing growth to proceed for 17 hr at 37° C. without addition of inducer. The product was recovered by collection of the cell pellet, sonicated to disrupt the cells and recovered by thermal and/or salt induced transition modulated by the ELP moiety (Improved Non-chromatographic Purification of a Recombinant Protein by Cationic Elastin-like Polypeptides, Dong Woo Lim, Kimberly Trabbic-Carlson, J. Andrew MacKay, and Ashutosh Chilkoti. Biomacromolecules 2007, 8, 1417-1424).

This example is with the ELP designated 1-90. This is based on the VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3) motif where X is a V, G or A in the ratio 5:3:2 in a 10 unit repeat, repeated 8× with a final (C-terminal) 10-unit repeat where X is a V, G, A and W in the ratio 4:3:2:1.

[(VPGXG)10]₉ where the X residue in the ten sequential iterations of the repeat unit (numerical subscript) can be described as [(V_(1, 4, 5, 6, 10)G_(2, 7, 9)A_(3, 8))₈ (V_(1, 4, 5, 6)G_(2, 7, 9)A_(3, 8) W₁₀)].

The ELP may be any combination of VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3) units where X is any of the 20 natural amino, acids, except proline, in any combination of repeat units of any length. In addition, the amino acid may be an unnatural amino acid for which the host strain has been engineered to accept an engineered tRNA for incorporation at specific codon (Wang L, Brock A, Herberich B, Schultz P G. Expanding the genetic code of Escherichia coli. [2001] Science 292, 498-500).

This construct was produced in the cytosol with an N-terminal methionine, which is normally removed by methionine aminopeptidase. Complete and accurate processing of the methionine, however, cannot be assumed; this enzyme may also remove the N-terminal histidine of the Exendin-4 moiety. This could result in a mixture of, unprocessed, processed and incorrectly processed products. Consequently, further constructs were developed to generate products with correctly processed N-termini.

Primers were designed to add a Tev protease (Tobacco Etch Virus cysteine protease) cleavage site between the N-terminal methionine and the histidine at the N-terminus of Exendin-4. This allows for removal of the methionine and the Tev recognition sequence to give the mature N-terminus of Exendin-4 (histidine). This can be done post-production or the Tev protease can be co-expressed to cleave the recognition sequence during production, for instance, as an intein (Ge, X., Yang, D. S. C., Trabbic-Carlson, K., Kim, B., Chilkoti, A. and Filipe, C. D. M. Self-Cleavable Stimulus Responsive Tags for Protein Purification without Chromatography. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 11228-11229, 2005). The Tev Exendin-4 sequence is shown in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3B shows additional sequences added, labeled as “Linker Tev,” provide a better target for the Tev protease.

An alternative route to obtaining a correctly processed N-terminus for Ex-4 is to use a leader or signal sequence that directs the product to the periplasm and which is cleaved by a signal peptidase in the process. In this instance, a signal sequence, DsbA, that directs the transcript to the signal recognition particle for direct secretion of the polypeptide into the periplasm is given. (See FIG. 4A). The plasmid pET24d-DsbA-Ex-4 ELP1-90 is shown in FIG. 4B.

While this example illustrates the preparation of therapeutic agents with Exendin-4 sequences, such sequences can be replaced with GLP-1, insulin, Factor VII/VIIa, or other therapeutic protein listed in Table 1, generated in exactly or a similar manner as detailed for Exendin-4.

Example 6 GLP1-ELP Fusion Protein

The ELP plasmid constructs were used to prepare two GLP1-ELP fusion proteins, GLP1(A8G,7-37)ELP1-90 and GLP1(A8G,7-37)ELP1-120. The plasmid constructs, fusion-encoding nucleotide sequence, as well as the amino acid sequence of the resulting fusion proteins are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Both constructs contain an N-terminal Tev protease site to allow processing to the mature form where His⁷ of GLP1 is at the N-terminus. The processed fusion proteins have calculated molecular weights of about 39,536 and about 50,828, respectively.

Example 7 FVII ELP Fusion Protein

The coagulation factor VII (FVII) gene was modified by PCR from a cDNA clone (Oragene) to add restriction sites at the 5′ and 3′ ends for cloning into the ELP-containing vector. At the 5′ end an NheI site was added and at the 3′ end a NotI site was added. The DNA and amino acid sequences of the Factor VII gene are shown in the accompanying Sequence Listing as SEQ ID NOS: 34 and 33, respectively. The DNA sequences of the 5′ and 3′ primers used to PCR amplify the factor VII (FVII) gene were:

P13: (SEQ ID NO.: 49) CTAGCTAGCATGGTCTCCCAGGCCCTC P14: (SEQ ID NO.: 50) TATTCTTGCGGCCGCGGGAAATGGGGCTCGCAG

The resulting PCR fragment was digested with the restriction enzymes NheI and NotI and ligated into the plasmid pcDNA3.1+ELP1-90 previously digested with the restriction enzymes NheI and NotI (FIG. 7A).

The resulting plasmid, pcDNA3.1+FVII-ELP1-90, was transiently transfected into HEK293 cells and culture media harvested. The ELP fusion was purified by phase transition (FIGS. 9 and 10).

The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the FactorVII-ELP fusion is shown in FIG. 7B. As shown, the FactorVII-ELP fusion protein contains a Tev protease linker between the Factory VII component and the ELP component. This linker is optional.

Example 8 Insulin ELP Fusion Protein

The cDNA for the human insulin gene is modified at the 5′ and 3′ ends for insertion in to pET24d-ELP1-90. The 5′ primer adds an N-terminal methionine for bacterial expression and an NdeI restriction enzyme site. The 3′ primer adds an XhoI restriction enzyme site. The PCR product and the plasmid are both digested with the restriction enzymes NdeI and XhoI and ligated together. The sequence of the insulin (Chains B, C, and A fused to ELP1 is shown in FIG. 8A.

Correct insertion is determined by restriction digest and DNA sequencing. The resulting plasmid, designated pET24d Insulin-ELP1-90, is shown in FIG. 8B.

The native insulin form is generated after recovery from E. coli by treatment with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B to remove the C-peptide chain.

For correct processing of the N-terminus of the B-chain similar modifications to those made for the Exendin-4 fusion (protease cleavage site, signal sequence) can be implemented (see Example 4). Alternatively, the first two residues can be Met-Arg, which can also be removed by trypsin digestion in production of the final material (R. M. Belagaje, S. G. Reams, S. C. Ly and W. F. Prouty, Increased production of low molecular weight recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Protein Sci. 6, 1953-1962, 1997).

Additional constructs would place the insulin cDNA at the 3′ end of the ELP for a C-terminal fusion, add linkers between the Insulin and ELP sequences, and/or use modified forms of insulin which have no C-peptide (single chain insulins as described) removing the need for additional processing.

Example 9 Synthesis of the ELP Gene for Conjugation

A gene encoding a 50 amino acid sequence was constructed from chemically-synthesized oligonucleotides using standard molecular biology protocols. The 50 amino acid sequence contained 10 repeats of the pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3), where the guest residues (V, G, and A in a 5:3:2 molar ratio) were selected to provide a Tt of 40° C. The gene was oligomerized end-to-end by standard molecular biology techniques, to produce an oligomeric ELP gene. Additionally a single 50 amino acid sequence was constructed containing the 10 repeat pentapeptide VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3) polypeptide where the guest residues were V, G, A and C in a 4:3:2:1 molar ratio. This sequence could be added at any cycle of the oligomerization process to introduce a single cysteine residue into the final construct at a chosen point along the length of the construct.

The example given here is with the ELP designated 1-90. This is based on the VPGXG (SEQ ID NO: 3) motif where X is a V, G or A in the ratio 5:3:2 in a 10-unit repeat, repeated 8× with a final (C-terminal) 10-unit repeat where X is a V, G, A and C in the ratio 4:3:2:1, i.e., [(VPGXG)10]9 (SEQ ID NO.: 3).

Alternatively, the residue could be one of either arginine, lysine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid. The purpose of these amino acids is to provide a reactive side chain for the chemical conjugation of, for example, insulin. In this particular case the use of an ELP would be to extend the circulating half-life of the therapeutic protein (e.g., insulin) to provide prolonged basal glucose control. Conjugated to an ELP that transitions at body temperature, the insulin would form a precipitated depot at the site of injection in a similar manner to Lantus® (Sanofi Aventis) but without the requirement for formulation in acidic (pH 4.0) conditions with m-cresol for a more tolerable injection.

Example 10 Potency and Half-Life of Factor VII-ELP

FIG. 11 shows the activation of Factor X by FactorVIIa-ELP1-90, and by Factor VIIa as a comparison. Factor VII-ELP was produced in HEK cells. Factor VIIa was derived from human plasma. As shown, FactorVIIa-ELP retains full activity.

When administered to rats by i.v., Factor VII-ELP demonstrated a half-life of about 690 minutes. In contrast, Factor VII demonstrated a half-life of 45-60 minutes. Half-life in this example was measured by sandwich ELISA for FactorVII. FIG. 12.

Also in contrast, the reported half-life for NovoSeven™ is 45 minutes, the reported half-life for FactorVIIa-albumin fusion is 263 minutes, and the reported half-life for Factor VIIa-PEG is 300 minutes in mice and 600 minutes in dog.

Example 11 GLP-1 (or Exendin-4) In Vitro Bioassay

Activation of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) results in production of cAMP secondary messenger within the cell. Therefore, GLP-1 or Exendin-4 analogs and corresponding therapeutic agents may be tested by their ability to activate GLP1R on the cell surface and produce cAMP.

For this bioassay CHO cells transfected with cDNA coding for GLP1R are used. These cells respond to stimulation by GLP-1 and produce high levels of cAMP. Log phase growing cells are plated and increasing concentrations of test compounds (e.g., therapeutic agent of the invention, or GLP-1 or exendin-4 functional analog) are added to the cells. After an appropriate incubation period (usually 15-60 min) in physiological buffer at 37° C. the cAMP produced is measured using a CatchPoint cAMP assay kit from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, Calif.). The EC₅₀ of each test compound as compared to GLP-1 peptide or Exendin-4 peptide (or as compared to an unfused or unconjugated counterpart of a therapeutic agent of the invention) is indicative of the changes in activity due to a specific modifications introduced into the peptide, or due to particular chemical or recombinant coupling to an ELP component.

As shown in FIG. 13, both GLP1-ELP (PB0868) and Exendin-4-ELP (PB 0859) maintain high activity in vitro, shown in comparison to Exendin alone. It is of note that the specific activity of Albugon® and Liraglutide® run 50-100 fold less than the exendin peptide.

Example 12 GLP-1 (or Exendin-4) In Vivo Bioassay

The activity of GLP-1 or Exendin analogues or corresponding therapeutic agents may be tested in animals. For this assay, normal or diabetic animals may be used. Diabetic animals with blood glucose concentration 300-500 mg/dl are injected with different doses of GLP-1 or Exendin analogues or corresponding therapeutic agent, and changes in blood glucose monitored with a glucometer. The drop in glucose at different times points post administration is compared to that resulting with standard amounts of GLP-1 or Exendin-4 peptide, or compared to an unfused or unconjugated counterpart of a therapeutic agent of the invention. Alternatively, the blood glucose excursion in normal or diabetic animals during specific time period after administration of exogenous glucose is compared to GLP-1 or Exendin-4 (or to unfused or unconjugated counterparts of therapeutic agents). In this way the activity of the analogues and fusion proteins can be compared to the natural peptides.

FIG. 14 shows the pharmacokinetics of GLP1-ELP1-120 in rats administered both by i.v. and subcutaneously. Three rats were used for each time point. The dose was ˜10 mg/kg. The T_(1/2) when administered by i.v. was about 12.9 hours. The T_(1/2) when administered subcutaneously was about 8.6 hours.

FIG. 15 shows the pharmacokinetics of GLP1-ELP1-120 in rabbits administered both by i.v. and subcutaneously. Three rabbits were used for each time point. The dose was ˜1 mg/kg. The T_(1/2) when administered by i.v. was about 20 hours. The T_(1/2) when administered subcutaneously was about 24 hours.

FIG. 16 shows the sustained glycemic control in diabetic mice with GLP1-ELP1-90.

All reference cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. While the invention has been has been described herein in reference to specific aspects, features and illustrative embodiments of the invention, it will be appreciated that the utility of the invention is not thus limited, but rather extends to and encompasses numerous other variations, modifications and alternative embodiments, as will suggest themselves to those of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention, based on the disclosure herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A therapeutic agent comprising a recombinant fusion between an elastic polypeptide and a therapeutic peptide, the therapeutic agent being formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient suitable for parenteral administration, and the therapeutic agent having an extended circulatory half-life when compared to the therapeutic peptide alone, wherein: the therapeutic peptide comprises growth hormone; and the elastic polypeptide has a pattern of proline-containing beta-turns forming an extended, non-globular structure, with no tertiary structure.
 2. The therapeutic agent of claim 1, wherein the elastic polypeptide forms a spiral conformation.
 3. The therapeutic agent of claim 1, wherein the elastic polypeptide comprises repeat amino acid motifs.
 4. The therapeutic agent of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for injection.
 5. The therapeutic agent of claim 4 wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for subcutaneous injection.
 6. The therapeutic agent of claim 5, wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for injection from about once to about five times per month.
 7. The therapeutic agent of claim 4, wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for intramuscular injection.
 8. The therapeutic agent of claim 7 wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for injection from about once to about five times per month.
 9. The therapeutic agent of claim 1, wherein the growth hormone optionally has from 1 to 3 amino acid modifications independently selected from an insertion, deletion, and/or substitution.
 10. The therapeutic agent of claim 1, wherein the growth hormone is flanked on each terminus by an elastin-like peptide.
 11. A therapeutic agent comprising a recombinant fusion between an elastic polypeptide and a therapeutic peptide, the therapeutic agent being formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient suitable for parenteral administration, and the therapeutic agent having an extended circulatory half-life when compared to the therapeutic peptide alone, wherein: the therapeutic peptide comprises growth hormone; the elastic polypeptide has a pattern of proline-containing beta-turns forming an extended, non-globular structure, with no tertiary structure, and the elastic polypeptide consists essentially of glycine and hydrophobic amino acids selected from alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and methionine, and optionally serine, threonine, and glutamic acid.
 12. The therapeutic agent of claim 11, wherein the elastic polypeptide contains amino acids selected from alanine, valine, glycine, serine, threonine, and glutamic acid.
 13. The therapeutic agent of claim 11, wherein the elastic polypeptide forms a spiral conformation.
 14. The therapeutic agent of claim 11, wherein the elastic polypeptide comprises repeat amino acid motifs.
 15. The therapeutic agent of claim 11 wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for injection.
 16. The therapeutic agent of claim 15, wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for subcutaneous injection.
 17. The therapeutic agent of claim 16, wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for injection from about once to about five times per month.
 18. The therapeutic agent of claim 15, wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for intramuscular injection.
 19. The therapeutic agent of claim 18, wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated for injection from about once to about five times per month.
 20. The therapeutic agent of claim 11, wherein the growth hormone optionally has from 1 to 3 amino acid modifications independently selected from an insertion, deletion, and/or substitution.
 21. The therapeutic agent of claim 11, wherein the growth hormone is flanked on each terminus by an elastin-like peptide. 